ns are bestowed before marriage by father,
in order to overcome daughter's opposition. The recognition by means of
ring is found in the last two stories mentioned in Note 16, in _Fiabe
Mant._ No. 38, above cited, and _Nov. fior._ p. 158 (Milan). See also
Grimm, Nos. 93 ("The Raven"), 101 ("Bearskin"); Hahn, No. 25; Asbj., No.
71 (_Tales from the Field_, p. 130); and _Romania_, No. 23, p. 359.

Other European versions of our story will be found mentioned in the
notes to Grimm, No. 65 ("Allerleirauh"), to Gonz., No. 38 (II. 229);
_Orient und Occident_, II. 295; D'Ancona, _Sacre Rappresent._ III. 238;
_Romania_, No. 24, 571; _Basque Legends_, p. 165, and Ralston's _R. F.
T._ p. 159.

[18] See Gonz., No. 26, and Widter-Wolf, No. 8 (_Jahrb._ VII. p. 128).

For story in general, see notes to stories just cited, and Cox, _Aryan
Myth._ vol. I. p. 224; II. p. 261, "The Myth of Nisos and Skylla;" Hahn,
I. p. 52; and De Gub., _Zool. Myth._ I. p. 211 _et seq._

[19] Pitre, in his notes to No. 71, gives two variants of his story, and
mentions a Piedmontese version yet unpublished. Comparetti, No. 54, an
analysis of which is given in the text, represents sufficiently Hahn's
Form. No. 37, "Strong Hans."

[20] In the version in _Pent._ IV. 8, after the seven sons have
disappeared, their sister goes in search of them, finds them, and they
all live happily together until by her fault they are changed into
doves, and she is obliged to go to the house of the Mother of Time and
learn from her the mode of disenchantment. In a story in Pitre, No. 73,
a husband threatens to kill his wife if she does not give birth to a
male child.

For other European versions of our story, see Grimm, No. 9, "The Twelve
Brothers;" No. 25, "The Seven Ravens;" and No. 49, "The Six Swans;"
_Melusine_, p 419, and _Basque Legends_, p. 186. Part of the story in
text belongs to the Genevieve formula, see notes 8, 10, of this chapter.

[21] The first trait, "Two Sisters," is also found as an independent
story, see Chap. II., p. 100, and note 2. "Substitution of false bride"
is found without "Two Sisters" in Comp., Nos. 53 (Montale) and 68
(Montale); _Fiabe Mant._ No. 16; and Gradi, _Saggio_, p. 141. See note
10 of this chapter. The best example of "substitution" is, as we have
said before, Grimm, No. 89, "The Goose-Girl;" see also _Romania_, No.
24, p. 546. The same trait is found also in a very extensive and
interesting class of stories which may be termed, fro