ge of the arts, 493;
his literary medicine, 494 _note_;
his love of Naples, ii. 42.

Alfonso V. and VI. of Castile, towns incorporated by, ii. 6.

Alfonso VII. of Castile, unwise division of his dominions by, ii. 9.

Alfonso X. of Castile, scientific acquirements and governmental
deficiencies of, ii. 12;
law promulgated by him, 37;
his election as emperor of Germany, 76;
tithes established in his reign, 146 _note_ a;
clerical encroachments favoured by him, 220 _note_ r;
he exempts the clergy from civil jurisdiction, 226.

Alfonso XI. of Castile assassinates his cousin, ii. 14;
his disregard of law, 36.

Alfred the Great, rescue of the Anglo-Saxon monarchy by, ii. 271;
his alleged division of the kingdom into counties, &c., 280;
ascription of trial by jury to him, 285;
his high claim to veneration, 289;
extent of his acquaintance with Latin, iii. 286;
his declaration of the ignorance of the clergy, 288;
his zeal for learning, _ib. note_ n.

Aliens held liable for each other's debts, iii. 336.

Almamun and Almansor, khalifs of Bagdad, patronage of letters by,
ii. 121.

Alodial tenure, characteristics of, i. 147, 148 and _notes_;
converted into feudal tenure, 163;
except in certain localities, 164 and _note_;
causes of the conversion, 317, 318;
alodial proprietors evidently freemen, 324.

Alvaro de Luna. See Luna.

Amadeus (duke of Savoy), elected pope, ii. 248.

Amalfi, early commercial eminence of, iii. 328 and _note_;
its decline, _ib._;
alleged invention of the mariner's compass there, 332 and _note_;
discovery of the Pandects, 415.

Amurath I., progresses of the Turkish arms under, ii. 132.

Amurath II., rout of the Hungarians by, ii. 105;
reunion of the Ottoman monarchy under him, 135;
he perfects the institution of the Janizaries, 137.

Anastasius confers the dignity of consulship on Clovis, i. 107;
elucidatory observations thereon, 107-111.

Andalusia, conquest of, by Ferdinand III., ii. 9.

Andrew of Hungary married to Joanna of Naples, i. 486;
his murder imputed to Joanna, _ib._

Anglo-Normans. See England.

Anglo-Saxons, divisions of England under the, ii. 270;
their Danish assailants, 271;
Alfred and his successors, 272, 273;
descent of the crown, 273;
influence of provincial governors, 274;
thanes and ceorl