nd _note_ c;
assumption of power by Otho the Great, _ib._;
execution of Crescentius by Otho III., 359;
election and subsequent troubles of Ardoin, _ib._;
condition of its people under Henry II., 360;
cause of its subjection to German princes, _ib._;
accession of Conrad II., and consolidation of Germanic influences,
360, 361;
its Greek provinces, 361, 362;
incursions and successes of the Normans, 362-364;
progress of the Lombard cities [see Lombards];
accession of Frederic Barbarossa, 370 [see Frederic I.];
cause of the decadence of Italy, 377, 378;
its domestic manners, iii. 342, 344.

Jacquerie, insurrection of the, i. 58, and _note_ k.

James II. of Aragon, renounces the Sicilian crown, i 485;
invested with the Sardinian crown, ii. 231 _note_ g.

Jane of Navarre, treaty entered into on behalf of, i. 45;
betrayal of her cause by the duke of Burgundy, 47;
she recovers Navarre, _ib. note_ g.

Janizaries, institution of the, ii. 137.

Jerome of Prague, burned to death, ii. 102.

Jerusalem, foundation of the kingdom of, i. 38;
its conquest by Saladin, 40;
restored to the Christians by the Saracens, 41;
oppressive system of marriages there, under the feudal system, 180;
title of the kings of Naples to sovereignty over it, 386 _note_ d.

Jews, wealth amassed and persecutions endured by the, i. 209;
their early celebrity as usurers, _ib. note_ b;
their final expulsion from France, 210 and _note_ d;
ordinances against them, 222;
exorbitant rates paid by them in England, ii. 320;
their massacre by the Pastoureaux, iii. 297;
their liability to maltreatment, 305;
barbarous customs regarding them, _ib. note_;
the Jew-drowning story, 306 _note_ u;
their early money dealings, 338;
toleration vouchsafed to them, _ib._;
decline of their trade, 339;
their addiction to coin-clipping, 369 _note_ t.

Joan of Arc, character, successes, and fate of, i. 79, 80;
her betrayer, 84 _note_ f;
her name and birthplace, 143;
great merit of Southey's poem, _ib._

Joanna of Naples, married to Andrew of Hungary, i 486;
her husband's murder imputed to her, _ib._ and _note_ q;
she dies by violence, 487.

Joanna II. of Naples, and her favourites, i, 489;
her vacillation relative to her successors, 490;
puts Caraccioli to death, 491 _note_.

John I.