ductions, iii. 434-436.

Troyes, conditions of the treaty of, i. 76 and _note_.

Turks, Italian fears of the, i. 495;
triumphant progress of their arms, ii. 127;
their defeat by the crusaders and Alexius, 128;
their settlement under Othman, 132;
war declared against them at Frankfort, 136;
the Janizaries, 137.
See Ottomans.

Tuscany (Boniface, marquis of), flogged for simony, ii. 181 _note_ q.

Tuscany, league of the cities of, i. 382;
espousal of the papal cause, _ib._ 389;
progress of its cities.
See Florence.

Uladislaus crowned king of Hungary, ii. 105;
violates his treaty with the Turks, _ib._;
its fatal results, _ib._

Urban II., encouragement of the crusades by, i. 34;
he succeeds Gregory VII., ii. 187;
his concession to the kings of Castile, 190.

Urban V. retransfers the papal court to Avignon, ii. 240.

Urban VI. aids Charles of Durazzo in his designs on Joanna of Naples,
i. 487;
sanctions perjury towards heretics, ii. 210 _note_ c;
his contest with Clement VII., 240;
validity of his election, 241.

Urgel (count of), lays claim to the crown of Aragon, ii. 40, 41;
rejection of his pretensions, 42;
consequences of his unwise resort to arms, _ib._

Usury treated as a crime, iii. 337, 339 _note_ c.

Valencia, constitution of the kingdom of, ii. 57.

Valentinian III., authority of the holy see extended by, ii. 161.

Vandals, portions of the Roman empire possessed by the, i. 1.

Vase of Soissons, story of the, i. 155;
principle involved in the anecdote, 301, 302 and _note_ p.

Vassals and Vassalage. See Feudal System.

Vavassors, privileges attaching to the rank of, i. 194 and _note_ b;
their manorial courts, 219.

Venice, conflicts of, with Genoa, i. 444;
defeat of her admiral by the Genoese, 445;
insolence of the latter towards her ambassadors, 446;
successful tactics of her doge, 447;
triumph of her fleet, 448;
her alleged early independence, 452;
her subjection to the emperors, 453 and _note_ n;
her Dalmatian and Levantine acquisitions, 454;
her government: powers of the doge, 455;
the great council, 456;
criminal jurisdiction, how exercised, 457;
checks to undue influence on the part of the doge, 458;
singular complication in ballots for the dogeship, 459;
Marin Falieri's treason, 460;
the council o