of Castile, accession of, ii. 15;
his merited defeat by the Portuguese, 16.

John II. of Castile, wise government by the guardians of, during his
infancy, ii. 15, 16;
he disgraces and destroys his favourite Alvaro de Luna, 16, 17;
his death, 17;
its results, 58.

John (king of England), cited before Philip Augustus, i. 26;
results of his contumacy, 27;
singular fines levied by him, ii. 320;
his rapacity, 326 and _note_ q;
Magna Charta, 326, 329;
curious instance of the unpopularity of his name, iii. 65 _note_ t.

John I. of France, birth and death of, i. 46 and _note_ e.

John II. of France, character of, i. 53;
taken prisoner at Poitiers, 58;
bestows his daughter on Charles of Navarre, 57;
submits to the peace of Bretigni, 59;
his response to the citizens of Rochelle, 63.

John of Procida, designs of, on Sicily, i. 483;
result of his intrigues, 484.

John VIII. (pope), insolence of, towards Charles the Fat, ii. 174;
asserts a right to nominate the emperor, _ib._

John XXII. (pope), claims supremacy over the empire, ii. 235;
his dispute with Louis of Bavaria, _ib._;
he persecutes the Franciscans, 237;
his immense treasures, 238;
his imposts on the clergy, 238 _note_ x.

John XXIII. (pope), convokes and is deposed by the council of Constance,
ii. 243.

Joinville (the chronicler), refuses to accompany St. Louis in his last
crusade, i. 42 _note_.

Judith of Bavaria, marries Louis the Debonair, i. 16.

Julian's betrayal of Spain to the Moors: credibility of the legend,
ii. 62-65.

Jury. See Trial by Jury.

Justice, administration of, under Charlemagne, i. 238;
various kinds of feudal jurisdiction, 239;
judicial privileges assigned to the owners of fiefs, 240;
cruel custom in Aragon, 241 _note_ q;
trial by combat, 242, 243 and _notes_;
the Establishments of St. Louis, 244;
limitations on trial by combat, 245, 246, 247 _note_ p;
royal tribunals and their jurisdiction, 246;
the court of peers, 247;
the parliament of Paris and its lawyers, 248;
jurisdiction of the court of the palace, 336, 337;
its constitution, 337;
imperial chamber of the empire, ii. 97;
its functions and jurisdiction, 98;
the six circles and the Aulic council, 99;
character of the king's court, in England, 336, 420-425;
importan