in, 228.

Philip of Suabia elected emperor of Germany, ii. 75;
his assassination, _ib._

Phocas, supposed concession to the popes by, ii. 162 _note_ s.

Pickering (Sir James), tenor of a speech made by, iii. 59.

Piedmont, comparative obscurity of the history of, i. 390 _note_.

Piracy, temptations to the practice of, iii. 334;
difficulty of repressing it, 335.

Pisa, early naval and commercial importance of, i. 441;
her wars with Genoa, 442;
her reverses and sale to Florence, 443;
effect of the crusades on her prosperity, iii. 329.

Pisani (Vittor) defeated by the Genoese, and imprisoned by the Venetians,
i. 445;
his triumphant recall from prison, 446.

Pius II. See AEneas Sylvius.

Podesta, peculiarities of the office of, i. 397, 398.

Podiebrad (George), vigorous rule of Bohemia by, ii. 104;
suspected of poisoning Ladislaus, 106 _note_ c.

Poggio Bracciolini, services of, in the revival of learning, iii. 463.

Poitiers, battle of. See Edward III.

Poland, polity of, not based on feudality, i. 187.

Pole (Michael de la, earl of Suffolk), succeeds Scrope as chancellor,
iii. 66;
refusal of Richard II. to dismiss him, 67;
his impeachment and sentence, 68;
subsequent proceedings relative to him, 72.

Porcaro, revolt and death of, i. 419.

Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, ii. 255;
repealed by Louis XI., _ib._;
its popularity with the people, _ib._;
liberties secured by it, 256.

Pragmatic Sanction of S. Louis, enactment of the, ii. 214 and _note_.

Prague university, opposition of the nobles to the institution of, ii.
102 _note_ t;
fate of its rector, _ib._

Precarious, origin of the adjective, ii. 147 _note_ d.

Prerogative of the kings of England, observations on the, iii. 147,
257-260.
See English Constitution.

Prices of commodities, iii. 368-370.

Printing, invention of, iii. 471;
first books printed, _ib._;
Italian presses, 472.
See Learning.

Protadius, oppressive conduct of, i. 114.

Provence annexed to the French dominions, i. 100;
_note_ upon its history, 101.

Public weal, origin of the war of the, i. 85;
object of its chiefs, 87, 88 and _note_ n;
their fate, 89.

Punishments amongst the Franks for murder, i. 150, 151 and _notes_,
198 and _note_ q, 281;
amongst the Burgundians, 151 and