the commons, 75;
their submission, 76;
his seizure of the duke of Gloucester and other arbitrary acts, 77-79;
necessity for his deposition, 80;
progress of the constitution during his reign, 83;
extent of his malpractices relative to the raising of money, 84, 85;
his attack upon Haxey, 76, 102.

Richard (earl of Cornwall), chosen emperor of Germany, ii. 76;
absurdity of the choice, 77.

Richard (duke of York). See York.

Richer (a mediaeval historian), degree of value due to the testimony of,
i. 130.

"Riding the city," meaning of the phrase, i. 429.

Rienzi (Nicola di), sudden accession to power of, i. 417;
his exile, recall, and death, 418;
Petrarch's enthusiasm towards him, _ib. note_.

Robert of Artois, impolitic act of forgery committed by, i. 47 _note_ k.

Robert of Gloucester, and other metrical writers, iii. 453.

Robert of Naples, wise rule of, i. 485;
singular provision made by him, ii. 226 _note_ x.

Robert (count palatine) supersedes Wenceslaus as emperor of Germany,
ii. 87.

Robertson (the historian), value of his treatise on private warfare, i.
207 _note_ t.

Rochelle, patriotism of the citizens of, i. 63.

Roderick the last of the Goths, credibility of the legend relative to,
ii. 62-65.

Rodolph of Hapsburg elected emperor of Germany, ii. 81;
Austria conferred upon his son, _ib._;
his ascendency in Switzerland, 107.

Rollo of Normandy, conversion of, i. 22.

Romance language, ascendency in the Frank dominions of the, i. 131.
See Learning.

Romano (Eccelin da). See Eccelin.

Rome, subversion of the empire of, i. 1;
its division by barbarous races, _ib._;
portion which remained subject to it, 2;
partition of its provinces amongst their conquerors, 146, 275-278;
its municipal institutions, 339, 340;
its internal state in the tenth century, 358;
infamous conduct of candidates for the papal chair, 359;
execution of the consul Crescentius, 359 and _note_;
schemes of Innocent III. for aggrandizing the holy see, 381, 382;
increase of the temporal authority of the popes, 414;
the Roman orator and Frederic Barbarossa, 415 and _note_;
expulsion of popes by the citizens, 416;
the senators and their jurisdiction, _ib._;
mutual animosities of the nobles, 417;
rise and fall of Rienzi, _ib._, 418;
transient re