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tion, when first practised, _ib._; increase of the legislative power of the crown, and its causes, 223, 224; convocation of the States-General, 224; constitution of the Saxon witenagemot, ii. 279; Anglo-Norman legislation, 322, 323 and _note_; prerogatives of the crown, 410; custom of the Anglo-Saxon kings, 412. See Justice, Parliament, States-General. Leo the Great deposes Hilary, ii. 161 _note_ p. Leo III. invests Charlemagne with the imperial insignia, i. 11; his design of marrying Charlemagne to Irene, 122; Charlemagne's authority over him, ii. 182. Leo VIII. confers on the emperor the right of nominating popes, ii. 182 and _note_ x. Leo IX. leads his army in person, i. 363; devotion of his conquerors towards him, 363, 364. See Papal Power. Leon, foundation of the kingdom of, ii. 3; its king killed in battle, 4; its union with Castile, 9. Leopold of Austria defeated by the Swiss, ii. 109. Libraries in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, iii. 460, 461, and _notes_. Literature. See Learning. Lollards, rise of the, iii. 388; their resemblance to the Puritans, 389. Lombards, original settlement of the, i. 8 and _note_ t; extension of their dominions, _ib._; defeated by Pepin and Charlemagne, 9; their mode of legislating, 212; position of their Roman subjects, 295; progress of their cities, 365; frequency of wars between them, _ib._; acquisition of territories by them, 368; democratic tyranny of the larger cities, 369; destruction of Lodi by the Milanese, _ib._ and _note_ i; courage of the citizens of Como, 370; exclusion of royal palaces from Lombard cities, _ib._; siege and subjugation of Milan by Frederic Barbarossa, 371, 372; efforts of the Milanese to regain their freedom, 372; destruction of Milan, 373; league of the Lombard cities, 374; defeat and flight of Barbarossa, 375; peace of Constance, 376; their successful resistance a lesson to tyrants, 376, 377; their wars with Frederic II., 387; party nature of these struggles, 388; arrangement of the Lombard cities, 388, 389; chequered results of their conflicts with Frederic, 390; their papal supporters, _ib._; causes of their success, 392; their means of defence, 394, 395; internal government of their cities, 395; re
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