tion, when first practised, _ib._;
increase of the legislative power of the crown, and its causes,
223, 224;
convocation of the States-General, 224;
constitution of the Saxon witenagemot, ii. 279;
Anglo-Norman legislation, 322, 323 and _note_;
prerogatives of the crown, 410;
custom of the Anglo-Saxon kings, 412.
See Justice, Parliament, States-General.

Leo the Great deposes Hilary, ii. 161 _note_ p.

Leo III. invests Charlemagne with the imperial insignia, i. 11;
his design of marrying Charlemagne to Irene, 122;
Charlemagne's authority over him, ii. 182.

Leo VIII. confers on the emperor the right of nominating popes, ii. 182
and _note_ x.

Leo IX. leads his army in person, i. 363;
devotion of his conquerors towards him, 363, 364.
See Papal Power.

Leon, foundation of the kingdom of, ii. 3;
its king killed in battle, 4;
its union with Castile, 9.

Leopold of Austria defeated by the Swiss, ii. 109.

Libraries in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, iii. 460, 461, and
_notes_.

Literature. See Learning.

Lollards, rise of the, iii. 388;
their resemblance to the Puritans, 389.

Lombards, original settlement of the, i. 8 and _note_ t;
extension of their dominions, _ib._;
defeated by Pepin and Charlemagne, 9;
their mode of legislating, 212;
position of their Roman subjects, 295;
progress of their cities, 365;
frequency of wars between them, _ib._;
acquisition of territories by them, 368;
democratic tyranny of the larger cities, 369;
destruction of Lodi by the Milanese, _ib._ and _note_ i;
courage of the citizens of Como, 370;
exclusion of royal palaces from Lombard cities, _ib._;
siege and subjugation of Milan by Frederic Barbarossa, 371, 372;
efforts of the Milanese to regain their freedom, 372;
destruction of Milan, 373;
league of the Lombard cities, 374;
defeat and flight of Barbarossa, 375;
peace of Constance, 376;
their successful resistance a lesson to tyrants, 376, 377;
their wars with Frederic II., 387;
party nature of these struggles, 388;
arrangement of the Lombard cities, 388, 389;
chequered results of their conflicts with Frederic, 390;
their papal supporters, _ib._;
causes of their success, 392;
their means of defence, 394, 395;
internal government of their cities, 395;
re