hom the right to vote was vested, 116, 117 and _note_ m;
status of the members, 117;
exclusion of lawyers from the commons' house, 118;
members originally compelled to be residents, 118, 119;
election irregularities and crown interference, 120, 121;
constitution of the house of lords, 121;
qualification of spiritual barons, 122;
barons by writ, 123-126 and _notes_;
distinction between barons and bannerets, 126-129;
creation of peers by statute and by patent, 129, 130;
clergy summoned to send representatives, 131-138;
remonstrances of the commons against the encroachments of the
council, 140-142.

Parliament of Paris, constitution and sittings of the, i. 248;
progress of its jurisdiction, 250;
enregistration of royal decrees confided to it, 251;
its spirited conduct in reference thereto, _ib._;
interference of the kings with its privileges, 251;
establishment of its independence by Louis XI., 252;
its claims on the respect of posterity, _ib._;
important ordinance of Charles V., iii. 152 _note_ t.

Paschal II. (pope), opposition to investitures by, ii. 187 _note_ i,
and 189 _note_ o;
his animosity against Henry IV. of Germany, 188.

Pastoureaux. See Superstitions.

Paulicians. See Religious Sects.

Pauperism, slavery chosen as a refuge from the miseries of, i. 328.

Pecock (bishop), character of, iii. 389 _note_ i.

Peers of England. See Nobility, Parliament.

Peers of France, original constitution of the, i. 249.

Pelagius II. and the bishop of Arles, ii. 164.

Pembroke (William, earl of), resolute defiance of Henry III. by,
iii. 164.

People, state of the, _temp._ Charlemagne and his successors, i. 18,
19, _et seq._;
their lawlessness, iii. 307;
their general immorality, _ib._

Pepin Heristal, usurpation of supremacy by, i. 7;
his influence over the destinies of France, 117;
he restores the national council, 215.

Pepin (son of Charles Martel) deposes Childeric III., i. 8;
ascends the throne, _ib._;
subdues the Lombards, 9;
his legislative assemblies, 215.

Perjury, prevalence of, in the middle ages, iii. 309.

Perrers (Alice). See Edward III.

Peter the Great compared with Charlemagne, i. 13.

Peter the Cruel, succession of crimes perpetrated by, ii. 14;
his apologists, _ib._ and _note_;
his discomfiture and