his quarrel with Bolingbroke and its results, 79, 80 and _note_ z.

Municipal institutions of the Roman provincial cities, i. 338;
importance of the office of defensor civitatis, 340;
duties appertaining to it, 340;
responsibilities of the decurions, 341;
the senatorial orders, 342-344;
civic position of the Frank bishops, 345;
municipal government of the Frank cities, 345-347;
corporate towns of Spain, 347;
of France, 348;
their struggles for freedom, 348, 349;
early independence of the Flemish and Dutch cities, 349;
origin of the French communes, 350, 351;
growth of the burgages, 352;
policy of Louis XI. relative to civic liberty, _ib._;
Italian municipalities, 353, 354 [see Lombards];
free cities of Germany [see Germany].
See Parliament, Towns.

Murder, gradation of fines levied as punishment for, amongst the Franks,
i. 150, 151 and _notes_, 198 and _note_ q, 281;
rates of compensation amongst the Anglo-Saxons, ii. 275.

Naples subjugated by Roger Guiscard, i. 363, 364;
contest for its crown between Manfred and Charles of Anjou, 406;
murder of the rightful heir by Charles, 407;
schemes relative to the severance of Sicily, 483 [see Sicily];
accession of Robert, 485;
queen Joanna and her murdered husband, 486 and _note_ q;
Louis of Anjou and Charles III., 488;
reign of Louis II., _ib._;
ambition of the young king Ladislaus, 489;
his death, _ib._;
Joanna II., her vices and her favourites, 489, 490, and 491 _note_;
career of Alfonso, 492 [see Alfonso V.];
invasion of the kingdom by John of Calabria, 494;
his failure, _ib._;
Ferdinand secured on the throne, 495;
his odious rule, 503.

Navarre, origin of the kingdom of, ii. 3, 4.

Neustria, extent of the dominions so termed, i. 6 _note_ o;
its peculiar features as distinguished from Austrasia, 118;
when first erected into a kingdom, 119 and _note_;
destruction of its independence, 120.

Nevil (lord) impeached by the commons, iii. 56.

Nicolas II. (pope), innovations introduced by, ii. 183.

Nobility, origin of, in France, i. 157, 158 and _note_, 189;
privileges conferred on the class, 191;
consequences of marriage with plebeians, 192;
letters of nobility when first granted, 193;
different orders, and rights belonging to each, 194;
their gallows distinctions, _ib._