s Tuscany, _ib._ and _note_;
revolt of his subjects, 410.

Charles II. of Naples, war of the Sicilians against, i. 485;
his death, _ib._

Charles of Durazzo (III. of Naples), implicated in the murder of Andrew,
i. 486 _note_ q;
puts queen Joanna to death, 487;
his assassination, 488.

Charles IV. of Germany, singular character of, ii. 85;
his Golden Bull, 86 and _note_ e;
he alienates the imperial domains, 94;
advancement of Bohemia under his rule, 102.

Charles Martel, conquest of the Saracens by, i. 7;
site and importance of the battle, _ib. note_ q;
its object, 12;
his spoliation of the church, ii. 146.

Charles of Navarre (the Bad), tumults in France excited by, i. 56;
his crimes, 57;
allies himself with Edward III., _ib._

Chartered towns. See Municipal Institutions, Towns.

Chaucer (Geoffrey), testimony borne by his writings, iii. 160 _note_;
character of his works, 456, 457.

Chaucer (Sir Thomas), rebuked by Henry IV., iii. 95.

Childebert (son of Clovis), dominions allotted to, i. 4 and _note_ i;
his proposal relative to Clodomir's children, 311 _note_.

Childeric III., deposition of, i. 8.

Children, crusade undertaken by, iii. 296 _note_ z.

Chilperic, guilty conduct of Fredegonde, the queen of, i. 5, 119;
oppressive taxes levied by him, 306;
tumult which ensued, _ib._;
what followed after his death, _ib._;
his attempts at poetry, iii. 283;
his attack on the sanctuary, 303.

Chimneys. See Architecture.

Chivalry, as a school of moral discipline, ii. 390;
remoteness of its origin, 391;
individual honour its keystone, 392;
types of chivalry, 392 and _note_ s;
its original connection with feudal service, 394;
effect of the crusades, 395;
its connection with religion, 395, 396;
enthusiasm inspired by gallantry, 396-398;
licentiousness incident to chivalry, 399;
virtues inculcated by it, 400;
practice of courtesy, liberality, and justice, 401-403;
obligations of chivalry to the East, 403;
its attendant evils, 404;
education preparatory to knighthood, 405;
chivalric festivals, 406;
tournaments and their dangers, 407;
privileges of knighthood, 408;
who were admissible thereto, _ib._ and _note_;
military service: knights and bachelors, 409, 410 and _notes_;
causes of the decline of chivalry, 411;