William I., 315;
difference between the feudal policy of England and France, 316, 318;
tenure of folcland and bocland, 406-410;
abuses of feudal rights, iii. 150.

Feuds, nature of, and derivation of the word, i. 316.

Fiefs. See Benefices, Feudal System.

Field of March (or Champ de Mars), origin of the assemblies so termed,
i. 212, 213;
their character, 213, 214;
not attended by the Roman inhabitants of Gaul, 282;
how often held, 308.

Field Sports. See Sports.

Fines, extent and singularity of, under the Anglo-Norman kings, ii. 320.

Fire-arms. See Military Systems.

Fiscal lands. See Benefices.

Flanders, fraudulent conduct of Philip IV. towards the count of, i. 44;
successful resistance of its people, _ib._;
large capture of gilt spurs by them, _ib. note_ a;
their commerce with England, 54;
their rebellion against count Louis, 66, 67 and _notes_;
their insubordination, 92;
their resistance to taxation, 93 and _note_;
their woollen manufacture, iii. 318, 319;
their settlement in England, 320 _note_ h;
its policy relative thereto, 321 and _note_ o.
See Trade.

Florence, curtailment of the power of, by Frederic Barbarossa, i. 420;
exclusion of the Ghibelins from offices of trust, _ib._;
Dante's simile relative to its unsettled state, _ib._;
corporations of the citizens, 421;
its magistracy, _ib._;
curious mode of election, 422;
the consiglio di popolo, 423;
defiance of law by the nobility, 424;
Giano della Bella reduces them to obedience, 424, 425;
rise of the plebeian aristocracy, 426;
Walter de Brienne invested with extraordinary powers, 427;
his tyranny and excesses, 428;
his overthrow, 429;
singular ordinances relative to the nobles, 430;
machinations of the Guelfs and persecutions of the Ghibelins, 431-433
and _note_ c;
prostration of the Guelfs, 434;
insurrection of the Ciompi and elevation of Lando, 435;
his judicious administration, 436;
restoration of the Guelfs, 437;
comparative security of the Florentines, 438;
their territorial acquisitions, revenue, population, &c., 439, 440
and _notes_;
Pisa bought by them, 443;
further disquietudes in their government, 496;
rise of the Medici [see Medici];
first Florentine voyage to Alexandria, 499 and _note_;
Florentine bankers and the