h by, ii. 218.

Gregory XI. reinstates the papal court at Rome, ii. 240.

Gregory XII. elected and deposed, ii. 242.

Grimoald, usurpation of supreme power by, i. 6.

Grostete (Robert, bishop of Lincoln), notices of, ii. 217 _note_ f;
iii. 429 _note_ k, 464.

Guarnieri (duke), systematic levy of contributions by, i. 471;
success of his operations, _ib._

Guelfs and Ghibelins, origin of the rival factions of, i. 382;
their German antecedents, 383 and _note_;
characteristics of the two parties, 384;
irrationality of the distinctions, 406;
temporary union of the factions, _ib._;
expulsion of the Ghibelins from Florence, 407;
revival of their party, 410;
origin of the name Guelfs, ii. 73;
See Florence, Genoa.

Gui de Lusignan, cause of his flight from France, i. 36.

Guienne, seized by Philip IV., i. 43;
restored to England, 44;
insurrection of its people against Charles VII., 86 and _note_;
suspicious death of Charles duke of, 89 and _note_.

Guiscard (Robert), territorial conquests of, i. 363;
he takes Leo IX. prisoner, _ib._;
his English opponents at Constantinople, ii. 307.

Guiscard (Roger), conquers Sicily, i. 363;
declared king by Innocent II., 364;
he shelters Gregory VII., ii. 187;
he subjugates Amalfi, iii. 328;
he introduces silk manufactures at Palermo, 331.

Gunpowder. See Military Systems.

Hair, length of, a mark of nobility, i. 310;
Childebert's proposal relative to Clodomir's children, 311 _note_.

Hanse towns, confederacy of the, iii. 325.

Haroun Alraschid, magnificence of the rule of, ii. 121;
African principalities in his reign, 122.

Hastings, lord (_temp._ Edward IV.), receives bribes from Louis XI.,
i. 90;
his reason for refusing to give receipts for the same, _ib. note_ q.

Hawkwood (Sir John), military renown acquired by, i. 472;
gratitude of the Florentines towards him, _ib._;
his skill as a general, 473.

Haxey (Thomas), surrendered by the commons to the vengeance of Richard
II., iii. 76, 102;
important principles involved in his case, 76 _notes_.

Henry II. of Castile rebels against Peter the Cruel, ii. 14;
his defeat and subsequent victory, 15;
his vow to preserve justice, 36.

Henry III. of Castile marries John of Gaunt's daughter, ii. 15.

Henry IV. of Castile, despicable character of, ii. 17;