specimen of his oratory, 138 _note_;
his singular suggestion to Mahomet II., _ib. note_;
he plays into the hands of the pope, 253;
he obtains the repeal of the Pragmatic Sanction, 255;
his sketch of Vienna, iii. 345 _note_ u.

Agriculture, cause of the low state of, iii. 312, 359 and _note_ m;
superior cultivation of church lands, 360;
exemplary labours of the Benedictines, _ib. note_ n;
agricultural colonies, 361 and _notes_ p and q;
early enclosures and clearances, 362;
exportation of corn, how limited, 364;
usual prices of land, _ib._;
high state of Italian agriculture, _ib._;
effects of pestilence, 365;
excellence of the Italian gardens, _ib._;
neglect of horticulture in England, 366.

Alaric, tolerance of, towards his catholic subjects, i. 3 _note_ f;
defeated by Clovis, 4;
laws compiled by his order, iii. 414.

Albert I. of Germany, ii. 82;
his rule in Switzerland, 108;
his expulsion and assassination, 109;
the French crown offered to him, 231.

Albert II. succeeds Sigismund as emperor of Germany, ii. 88.

Albigensian heresy, spread of the, i. 28;
massacre of the Albigeois, _ib._, 29 _notes_;
See Religious Sects.

Albizi, ascendency in Florence regained by the, i. 496;
Cosmo de' Medici banished at their instigation, 499;
their overthrow, _ib._;
exclusion of their family from the magistracy, 499.

Alcuin teaches Charlemagne, iii. 419;
he discourages secular learning, 420;
character of his poetry, 474.

Alexander II. (pope), election of, ii. 184;
he deposes the English prelates, 305 _note_ h.

Alexander III. (pope), supports Thomas a Becket, ii. 195;
adopts the system of mandats, 212.

Alexander V. elected pope, ii. 243;
his successor, _ib._

Alexander III. king of Scotland, opposition to papal domination by,
ii. 217.

Alexius Comnenus attacks the Turks, ii. 128;
he recovers the Greek territories, _ib._ and _note_.

Alfonso I. of Aragon bequeaths his kingdom to the Knights Templars,
ii. 8.

Alfonso III. of Aragon compelled to apologise to his people, ii. 45.

Alfonso V. of Aragon (the Magnanimous), i. 490;
adopted by Joanna II. of Naples, _ib._;
she revokes the adoption, 491;
his accession, _ib._;
his imprisonment by the Genoese, 492;
his alliance with Milan, _ib._, 493;
his virtues and patrona