f, and reinvested with, the great seal, 73;
his subsequent deprivation and banishment, 77.

Arundel (earl of, _temp._ Richard II.), favoured by the parliament,
iii. 65;
his conduct as a lord appellant, 72;
his breach with the duke of Lancaster, 74;
refuses to aid in legitimating Lancaster's children, 75;
his decapitation, 77.

Aschaffenburg, concordats of, ii. 253.

Athens (duke of). See Brienne.

Augustin (St.), specimen of the verses of, iii. 282 _note_ o.

Aulic council, powers and jurisdiction of the, ii. 99.

Auspicius (bishop of Toul), character of the poetry of, iii. 282;
specimen thereof, _ib. note_ p.

Austrasia, characteristics of the people of, i. 118.

Auxiliary verb active, probable cause of the, iii. 280.

Averroes, error relative to, iii. 422 _note_ o;
his eminence as a philosopher, 426 _note_ f;
tendency of his commentaries, 430.

Avignon, removal of the papal court to, ii. 233;
rapacity of its popes, 237, 238;
its abandonment by the popes, 240.

Azincourt (battle of), i. 74 and _note_.

Bacon (Roger), a true philosopher, iii. 429 _note_ k;
his acquaintance with mathematics, 432;
parallel between him and Lord Bacon, _ib. note_ s;
his knowledge of Greek, 464.

Bagdad, celebrity of the early khalifs of, ii. 121;
character of its later khalifs, 122;
frequency of their assassination, 123;
defection of its provinces, 124.

Bajazet, military successes of, ii. 132;
defeated and captured by the Tartars, 134.

Baltic trade. See Trade.

Banks and bankers of Italy, iii. 340, 341.

Barbiano (Alberic di), military eminence of, i. 474;
his pupils, 481.

Barcelona, feudal submission to France of the counts of, i. 10, _note_;
its early commercial eminence, iii. 331;
its code of maritime laws, 333 and _note_;
and of marine insurance, 339 _note_ c;
its bank of deposit, 340.

Bardas, revival of Greek literature by, iii. 468 _note_ z.

Bardi, Florentine bankers, English customs farmed by the, iii. 340
_note_ d.

Barons (in France), occasional assemblages of the, i. 219;
consequences of their non-attendance at the royal council, 222;
they become subject to the monarch, 223;
their privileges curtailed by Philip IV., 226.
See Nobility.

Barristers' fees in the 15th century, iii. 371.

Basle, council of. See Council.