Veddas); _United States Exploring Expedition_, i,
124 (Fuegians); Fison and Howitt, _Kamilaroi and Kurnai_, p.
278 (Australian Grounditch); Fritsch, _Die Eingeborenen
Sued-Afrikas_, p. 328 (Bushmen); Schoolcraft, _Indian Tribes
of the United States_, i, 207 (North American Snake tribes);
Rivet, in _The American Anthropologist_, 1909 ("The Jivaros
of Ecuador").

[210] Cf. I. King, _The Development of Religion_, p. 66 ff.

[211] Even in higher forms of religion, as the Vedic,
sacrifice and other ceremonies are supposed to have a
magical power over the gods.

[212] This is a part of the belief in the mysterious energy
(_mana_) potentially resident in all things.

[213] See, for example, the bird dances described by Haddon
(_Head-hunters_, p. 358); compare W. Matthews, _Navaho
Legends_, p. 83 al. Dances are now often given for the
amusement of the public. Clowns often form a feature of such
ceremonies; see Matthews, _Navaho Legends_, p. 230; R. B.
Dixon, _The Northern Maidu_ (_Bulletin of American Museum of
Natural History_, xvii, part iii, p. 315 ff.).

[214] Howitt, in _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_,
xvi, 327 ff.

[215] Miss Fletcher, _Indian Ceremonies_, p. 263 n.

[216] Miss Kingsley, _Studies_, p. 126.

[217] E. F. im Thurn, _Indians of Guiana_, vii, iv, 5.

[218] E. F. im Thurn, op. cit., vi.

[219] Of the same simple festive nature as dances are the
plays or sports that are not infrequent among savages and
half-civilized tribes. In the Areoi dramatic performances
priests are ridiculed (W. Ellis, _Polynesian Researches_, p.
187).

[220] Miss Fletcher, "Emblematic Use of the Tree in the
Dakotan Group" (in _Proceedings of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science_, 1896).

[221] So among the hill tribes of North Arracan (_Journal of
the Anthropological Institute_, ii, 239) and the North
American Indians (Featherman, _Races of Mankind_, division
iii, part i, p. 37 etc.). Such dances are performed by the
Tshi women in the absence of the men (A. B. Ellis, _The
Tshi_, p. 226).

[222] See below, Sec. 903, on imitative magic.

[223] Riedel, in _Zeitschrift fuer Ethnologie_, xvii.

[224] Haddon, _Head-hunters_, p. 139.

[225] _Journal of American Folklore_, xvii, 32. Cf. the
dance for the benefit of a sick man (R. B. Dixon, "Some
Shamans of Northern California," op. cit., xvii, 23 ff.).