age ceremonies in Greece and Rome; Hera and Juno were
guardians of the sanctity of marriage. No religious ceremony
in connection with marriage is mentioned in the Old
Testament; a trace of such a ceremony occurs in the book of
Tobit (vii, 13).

[336] _The Mystic Rose_, p. 322, etc.

[337] Hughes, _Dictionary of Islam_, article "Marriage."

[338] The danger might continue into early childhood and
have to be guarded against; for a Greek instance see Gardner
and Jevons, _Greek Antiquities_, p. 299.

[339] For details see Ploss, _Das Kind_, and works on
antiquities, Hebrew, Greek, and Roman.

[340] Cf. Frazer, _Totemism and Exogamy_, i, 72 ff.; iv, 244
ff.

[341] Dixon, _The Northern Maidu_, p. 228 ff.; and _The
Shasta_, p. 453 ff.; Rivers, _The Todas_, p. 313 ff.;
Hollis, _The Nandi_, p. 64 f.; D. Kidd, _Savage Childhood_,
p. 7; Lev. xii; article "Birth" in Hastings, _Encyclopaedia
of Religion and Ethics_.

[342] See above, Sec. 55 f.

[343] Tylor (_Primitive Culture_, ii, 3 ff.) suggests that
such an idea may have been supposed to account for the
general resemblance between parents and children.

[344] R. H. Nassau, _Fetichism in West Africa_, p. 212.

[345] Haddon, _Head-hunters_, p. 353 ff.

[346] Turner, _Samoa_, chap. iii. In some Christian
communities the saint on whose festival day a child is born
is adopted as the child's patron saint. In the higher
ancient religions there were religious observances in
connection with the birth and rearing of children, special
divine care being sought; see, for example, the elaborate
Roman apparatus of divine guardians.

[347] Dixon, _The Northern Maidu_, p. 231; H. Webster,
_Primitive Secret Societies_, p. 40 f.

[348] For methods of burial see article "Funerailles" in _La
Grande Encyclopedie_.

[349] Robertson, _The Kafirs_, chap. xxxiii; Batchelor, _The
Ainu_, chap. xlviii (the goddess of fire is asked to take
charge of the spirit of the deceased).

[350] The food and drink (of which only the soul is supposed
to be consumed by the deceased) are often utilized by the
surviving friends; such funeral feasts have played a
considerable part in religious history and survive in some
quarters to the present day.

[351] A. B. Ellis, _The E['w]e_ (Dahomi), chap. viii; A. G.
Leonard, _The Lower Niger and its Tribes_, p. 160 f.;
Herodotus, iv, 71 f. (Scythians); v, 5 (Thracia