_Evolution of the Idea of God_. See below, Sec. 631 ff.

[667] Westermarck, _Origin and Development of the Moral
Ideas_, Index, s.v. _Dead_; Grant Allen, op. cit.; article
"Ancestor-worship" in Hastings, _Encyclopaedia of Religion
and Ethics_.

[668] Cf. above, Chap. II.

[669] Steinmetz (_Ethnologische Studien zur ersten
Entwicklung der Strafe_, p. 280 ff.) has attempted a
collection and interpretation of the usages of nearly two
hundred tribes, but his reckoning is not satisfactory--his
enumeration is not complete, and the facts are not
sufficiently well certified. He concludes that cases of fear
are twice as numerous as those of love.

[670] Westermarck, _Origin and Development of the Moral
Ideas_, chap. xiv.

[671] Spencer and Gillen, _Northern Tribes Of Central
Australia_, pp. 516 f., 520 f.

[672] Cf. Codrington, _The Melanesians_, p. 271 f.

[673] The conception of such meals as physical and spiritual
communion with the dead was a later development.

[674] The buffoonery that was sometimes practiced at Roman
funerals seems to have come from the natural love of fun,
here particularly, also, through the reaction from the
oppressive solemnity of the occasion.

[675] Howitt and Fison, _Kamilaroi and Kurnai_, p. 246 ff.

[676] Taylor, _New Zealand_, pp. 104, 108.

[677] Codrington, _The Melanesians_, pp. 194, 253 f.;
Powell, _Wanderings_, p. 170.

[678] Ellis, _Madagascar_, i, 23, 423.

[679] Callaway, _The Amazulu_, pp. 145, 151.

[680] A. B. Ellis, _The E['w]e_, p. 102 f.

[681] Steinmetz, _Ethnologische Studien zur ersten
Entwicklung der Strafe_. A. L. Kroeber (in _Journal of
American Folklore_, 1904) gives an account of a
'ghost-dance' in Northwest California, the object of which
was said to be that the dead might return, though the
details are obscure.

[682] Some such custom seems to be referred to in Deut.
xxvi, 14.

[683] Fritsch, _Die Eingeborenen Sued-Afrikas_.

[684] Mariner, _Tonga_, p. 149.

[685] Wellhausen, _Reste arabischen Heidentumes_, p. 162 f.;
Goldziher, in _Revue de l'histoire des religions_, x. So the
Egyptian fellahin to-day.

[686] Codrington, _The Melanesians_, p. 219 f.; Bonney, in
_Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, xiii, 122 ff.;
Haddon, _Head-hunters_, pp. 91 f., 183; G. Allen, _Evolution
of the Idea of God_, chap. iii.

[687] Sir G. S. Robertson, _The