als with phallic cults.

[712] Sec. 158 ff.

[713] Hastings, _Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics_, ii,
361.

[714] See Ratzel, _History of Mankind_; Waitz,
_Anthropologie der Naturvoelker_; Mueller, _Amerikanische
Urreligionen_; Spencer and Gillen, _Native Tribes of Central
Australia_; Codrington, _The Melanesians_; W. Ellis,
_Polynesian Researches_; Hartland, article "Bantu" in
Hastings, _Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics_; Callaway,
_Amazulus_; Featherman, _Races of Mankind_; Gruenwedel,
"Lamaismus" in _Die orientalischen Religionen_ (I, iii, 1 of
_Die Kultur der Gegenwart_); Brinton, _Myths of the New
World_, p. 149; Matthews, Dorsey, Teit, Boas, Hill-Tout,
opp. cit. (on American Indians).

[715] Sec. 34.

[716] A. B. Ellis, _Yoruba_ and _E['w]e_. Ellis does not say
that the cult exists in Ashanti, where we should expect it
to be found; its absence there is not accounted for. On
phallic worship in Congo see H. H. Johnston, in _Journal of
the Anthropological Institute_, xiii.

[717] Hopkins, _Religions of India_, pp. 453, 470.

[718] Cf. Crooke, article "Bengal" in Hastings,
_Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics_.

[719] Griffis, _Religions of Japan_; Aston, _Shinto_;
Buckley, in Saussaye, _Lehrbuch der Religionsgeschichte_, 2d
ed.; Florens, in _Die Kultur der Gegenwart_.

[720] Herodotus, ii, 48 f.

[721] _Isis and Osiris_, 51.

[722] An example of naive popular festivities is given in
Herodotus, ii, 60.

[723] The Gilgamesh epic (Jastrow, _Religion of Babylonia
and Assyria_, p. 477); Amos ii, 7; Deut. xxiii, 17 f.;
Herodotus, i, 199; Strabo, xvi, 1, 20; Epistle of Jeremy, 42
f.; Lucian, _De Syria Dea_, 6 ff. But Hos. ii, Ezek. xvi,
xxiii, Isa. lvii, 8, are descriptions of Hebrew addiction to
foreign idolatrous cults.

[724] Isa. lvii, 8: "Thou didst love their bed, the yad thou
sawest." The renderings in the English Revised Version are
not possible.

[725] Lucian, op. cit., 28, cf. 16.

[726] The Aramean Atargatis, properly Attar-Ate, is
substantially identical with Ashtart and Ishtar.

[727] Lucian, _De Syria Dea_, 15.

[728] J. P. Peters, _Nippur_, Index, s.v. _Phallic symbols_;
Bliss and Macalister, _Excavations in Palestine_, p. 136;
Macalister, _Bible Side-lights_, p. 72 f.

[729] These objects (Hebrew _masseba_) are denounced by the
prophets because they were connected with the Cana