ndriss der
iranischen Philologie_, ii, 630, 671, 692.

[1569] Sophocles, _OEdipus Tyrannus_, 387; Euripides,
_Orestes_, 1498. Hence the term 'magic' as the designation
of a certain form of procedure.

[1570] So in the _Thousand and One Nights_, passim.

[1571] Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, i, 113 ff.; Castren,
_Finnische Mythologie_, pp. 186 ff., 229; Skeat, _Malay
Magic_, p. 162; Rivers, _The Todas_, p. 263; Crooke,
_Popular Religion and Folklore of Northern India_, ii, 283
ff. For modern usages see Wuttke, _Der deutsche
Volksaberglaube der Gegenwart_, 2d ed., pp. 131, 241.

[1572] A magician, as a man of special social prominence and
of extraordinary power over the forces of the world,
becomes, in some cases, the political head of his community
(as a priest sometimes has a like position). Where the
divinization of men is practiced, the magician may be
recognized as a god. But no general rule can be laid down.
The office of king had its own political development, and a
god was the natural product of the reflection of a
community. The elevation of the magician to high political
or ecclesiastical position was dependent on peculiar
circumstances and may be called sporadic. Cf. Frazer, _Early
History of the Kingship_, p. 107 ff. and lecture v.

[1573] Cf. Frazer, _Golden Bough_, 2d ed., Index, s.v.
_Kings_.

[1574] See Lord Avebury, _Marriage, Totemism, and Religion_,
chap. iv.

[1575] The plant or animal may be a totem, but its magical
power is not derived from its totemic character. Magical
potency may dwell in nontotemic objects; in magical
ceremonies connected with totems (as in Australia) it is the
ceremony rather than the totem that is efficacious. Cf.
Marett, _Threshold of Religion_, p. 22 f.

[1576] Cf. Marett, "From spell to prayer," in his _Threshold
of Religion_, p. 33 ff.

[1577] Cf. J. H. King, _The Supernatural_, Index, s.v.
_Charm_; Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, ii, 148; article
"Charms and Amulets" in Hastings, _Encyclopaedia of Religion
and Ethics_.

[1578] Eng. tr. by Bloomfield, in _Sacred Books of the
East_.

[1579] L. W. King, _Babylonian Magic and Sorcery_.

[1580] _Records of the Past_, first series, vols. ii, vi;
Griffith, article "Egyptian Literature" in _Library of the
World's Best Literature_; Maspero, _Dawn of Civilization_,
p. 212 ff.; Breasted, _History of Egypt_, Index, s.v.
_Magic_