[2004] Gardner and Jevons, _Greek Antiquities_, p. 289.

[2005] They sometimes degenerate into coarseness or
immorality.

[2006] Christmas, New Year's Day, May Day, Midsummer, All
Souls, and others.

[2007] The protest in Prov. xxvi, 2, against this whole
conception shows that it existed among the Jews down to a
late time.

[2008] Totemic poles, with carved figures of animals, are
found in Northwest America (Boas, _The Kwakiutl_; Swanton,
in _Journal of American Folklore_, xviii, 108 ff.) and in
South Nigeria (Partridge, _Cross River Natives_, p. 219);
but these figures are rather tribal or clan symbols than
idols.

[2009] The situation in Egypt was exceptional; after the
idolatrous stage had been reached the old worship of the
living animal survived.

[2010] Aniconic representations of deities in civilized
communities (like the stone representing the Ephesian great
goddess) are survivals from the old cult of natural objects.

[2011] Teraphim, 1 Sam. xix, 13 al.

[2012] In the literature they are guardians of sacred places
(Gen. iii, 24) and throne-bearers of the deity (Ezek. i, 26;
Ps. xviii, 11 [10]).

[2013] The numerous images mentioned in the Old Testament as
worshiped by the Israelites appear to have been borrowed
from neighboring peoples. The origin of the bull figures
worshiped at Bethel and Dan is obscure, but they appear to
represent the amalgamation of an old bull-cult with the cult
of Yahweh.

[2014] Possibly the civilization of China was in earliest
times identical with or similar to that Central Asiatic
civilization out of which Mazdaism seems to have sprung. Cf.
R. Pumpelly, in _Explorations in Turkestan_ (expedition of
1904), i, pp. xxiv, 7, chap. iv f.

[2015] The same feeling appears in the treatment of images
of saints by some European peasants.

[2016] For Egyptian forms see Rawlinson, _History of Ancient
Egypt_, vol. i; Maspero, _Dawn of Civilization_; for
Semitic, Ohnefalsch-Richter, _Kypros, the Bible, and Homer_;
for Indian, Lefmann, "Geschichte des alten Indiens" in
Oncken's _Allgemeine Geschichte_.

[2017] Even the Hindu women's linga-cult is said to be
sometimes morally innocent.

[2018] A church is here taken to be a voluntary religious
body that holds out to its members the hope of redemption
and salvation through association with a divine person or a
cosmic power.

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