world by the early Christian
martyrs--before their time Socrates, Jews in the Antiochian
persecution, and probably others, had embodied this
sentiment--but the Christian devotion helped to make it a
generally recognized ethical principle.

[2115] Hopkins, _Religions of India_, Index, s.v. _Yoga_;
Bloomfield, _Religion of the Veda_, Index, s.v. _Baksheesh_;
article "Saint and Saintliness" in _Jewish Encyclopedia_;
Christian hagiologies; Goldziher, _Muhammedanische Studien_;
C. Trumelet, _Les saints de l'Islam_.

[2116] See above, Sec. 1163.

[2117] Ezek. xiv, 9.

[2118] It is this sort of insensate optimism that Voltaire
ridicules in _Candide_--a just and useful protest against a
superficial view of life.

SELECTED LIST OF BOOKS OF REFERENCE

ENCYCLOPAEDIAS AND DICTIONARIES

Encyclopaedia Britannica (9th ed., Edinburgh; 11th ed., Cambridge,
England, and New York).

La Grande Encyclopedie (Paris, 1886-1902).

Le Nouveau Larousse (Paris, 1898-1904).

Johnson's Universal Cyclopaedia (New York, 1893-1895).

The New International Encyclopaedia (New York, 1905).

Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics (Edinburgh, 1908- ).

LICHTENBERGER. Encyclopedie des sciences religieuses (Paris, 1877-1882).

ROSCHER. Ausfuehrliches Lexikon der griechischen und roemischen Mythologie
(Leipzig, 1884- ).

DAREMBERG ET SAGLIO. Dictionnaire des antiquites grecques et romaines
(Paris, 1873-1884).

PAULY-WISSOWA. Real-Encyclopaedie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft
(new ed., Stuttgart, 1904).

GEIGER AND KUHN. Grundriss der iranischen Philologie (Strassburg,
1895-1904).

Jewish Encyclopedia (New York and London, 1901-1906).

Encyclopaedia Biblica (London and New York, 1899-1903).

HASTINGS. Dictionary of the Bible (Edinburgh, 1900-1904).

HUGHES. Dictionary of Islam (London, 1896).

Encyclopaedia of Islam (Leiden) (in course of publication).

HERZOG-HAUCK. Real-Encyclopaedie fuer protestantische Theologie und Kirche
(Leipzig, 1895-1909).

HAMBURGER. Realencyclopaedie des Judenthums (2d ed., Leipzig, 1896).

The Catholic Encyclopedia (New York, 1907-1911).

SMITH AND CHEETHAM. Dictionary of Christian Antiquities (London, 1875).

MCCLINTOCK AND STRONG. Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological and
Ecclesiastical Literature (New York, 1868-1881).

MEUSEL. Kirchliches Handlexikon (Leipzig, 1887-1902).

WETZER AND WELTE. Kirchenlexik