.

[1581] Cf. Macdonald, _Religious Attitude and Life in
Islam_, Index, s.v. _Magic_.

[1582] Daremberg and Saglio, _Dictionnaire des antiquites
grecques et romaines_, article "Magia"; cf. articles
"Medeia" and "Kirke" in Roscher's _Lexikon_.

[1583] Apuleius, _Metamorphoses_; Gibbon, _Decline and Fall
of the Roman Empire_, ii, 535 ff.; Friedlaender, _Roman Life
and Manners under the Early Empire_ (Eng. tr.), i, 260 f.;
Fowler, _The Religious Experience of the Roman People_, p.
57 ff.; cf. Cumont, _Astrology and Religion among the Greeks
and Romans_, Index, s.v. _Magic_.

[1584] 1 Sam. xxviii; Isa. viii, 19.

[1585] In the later Judaism Solomon is the great master of
magic; see the story of the Queen of Sheba in the Second
Esther Targum; Baring-Gould, _Legends of Old Testament
Characters_. For the Arabian legends of Solomon (borrowed
from the Jews) see _Koran_, sura xxxviii; _History of
Bilkis, Queen of Sheba_, compiled from various Arabic
sources, in Socin's _Arabic Grammar_ (Eng. tr., 1885).

[1586] Lecky, _History of the Rise and Influence of the
Spirit of Rationalism in Europe_; Westermarck, _Origin and
Development of the Moral Ideas_, Index, s.vv. _Magic_ and
_Witches_.

[1587] These Powers, including mana, may all be called
"divine" as distinguished from the purely "human."

[1588] A superhuman phenomenon, if produced by a deity, is
called a "miracle," and is held to be beneficent; if
produced by a nontheistic process, it is called "magical,"
and is looked at doubtfully.

[1589] Cf. Westermarck, _Origin and Development of the Moral
Ideas_, ii, 696; Hobhouse, _Morals in Evolution_, Index,
s.v. _Magic and Morals_.

[1590] Ultimately, in early religious theory, all objects
are divine or abodes or incarnations of divine beings and
capable of independent action; sometimes, doubtless, the
recognition of the natural character of a thing (as of
courage and other qualities in animals) coalesces with the
belief in its guiding power.

[1591] Cf. article "Magia" in Daremberg and Saglio,
_Dictionnaire des antiquites grecques et romaines_, p. 1496.

[1592] Rivers, _The Todas_, p. 254.

[1593] Cf. article "Bantu" in Hastings, _Encyclopaedia of
Religion and Ethics_, p. 358.

[1594] 1 Sam. x, 5; xix, 24.

[1595] Breasted, _History of Egypt_, p. 513 f. The envoy not
only failed to procure cedar for the sacred barge of