ocess in the Arabian treatment of
the jinn (W. R. Smith, _Religion of the Semites_, new ed.,
p. 122 f.).

[1293] Cf. A. V. Williams Jackson, _Zoroaster_, and his
sketch in Geiger and Kuhn's _Grundriss der iranischen
Philologie_; D. Menant, _Zoroaster d'apres la tradition
parsie_, in _Annales du Musee Guimet_, vol xxx.

[1294] De Groot, _Religion of the Chinese_, chaps. i and
iii; pp. 62 ff., 112 f., 129 f.

[1295] With this conception we may compare the similar
principles in the Vedic and Mazdean systems.

[1296] The all-controlling order, as is remarked above, is
that of the universe, which furnishes the norm for human
life; but in the universe the grandest object is heaven.

[1297] Legge, in _Sacred Books of the East_, xxxix, xl; De
Groot, _Religious System of China_, and his smaller works,
_Religion of the Chinese_ and _Development of Religion in
China_.

[1298] W. E. Griffis, _Religions of Japan_; E. Buckley, in
Saussaye, _Lehrbuch der Religionsgeschichte_, 2d ed.; Aston,
_Shinto_; Knox, _Development of Religion in Japan_;
Longford, _The Story of Old Japan_, chap. ii.

[1299] Whether the worship of ancestors, now so important an
element of the national life, is native or borrowed is
uncertain.

[1300] W. R. Smith, _Religion of the Semites_, new ed., p.
13 ff.

[1301] Compare Baethgen, _Beitraege sur semitischen
Religionsgeschichte_, p. 262 f.

[1302] Jastrow, _Religion of Babylonia and Assyria_; id.,
_Aspects of Religious Belief and Practice in Babylonia and
Assyria_; Jeremias, in Saussaye, _Lehrbuch der
Religionsgeschichte_; Zimmern, article "Babylonians and
Assyrians" in Hastings, _Encyclopaedia of Religion and
Ethics_; Ed. Meyer, _Geschichte des Altertums_, i, part ii,
2d book. In our survey of Babylonian deities the question of
Sumerian influence may be left out of the account.

[1303] Compare Jastrow, _Religion of Babylonia and Assyria_,
p. 481; id., _Aspects of Religious Belief and Practice in
Babylonia and Assyria_, pp. 23, 45, 121.

[1304] Ezek. viii, 16.

[1305] Jastrow, _Aspects of Religious Belief and Practice in
Babylonia and Assyria_, p. 82. The Babylonian and Assyrian
triads were loosely constructed, and had, apparently, no
significance for the local and royal cults. In this regard
they differed from the Egyptian triads and enneads, which
were highly elaborated and organised (Maspero, _Dawn