bined with the mana conception.

[940] The physical unity produced by contact may be brought
about, according to savage philosophy, in other ways.

[941] Ploss-Bartels, _Das Weib_, i, 591; cf. E. S. Hartland,
_Primitive Paternity_; Avesta, _Vendidad_, xv, 8.

[942] Article "Birth" in Hastings, _Encyclopaedia of Religion
and Ethics_.

[943] Ploss-Bartels, _Das Weib_, ii, 345 ff.

[944] Lev. xii. In the modern Parsi usage a woman after
giving birth is secluded forty days.

[945] On the relation between birth customs and systems of
relationship (patrilineal and matrilineal) see the
references in Hastings, _Encyclopaedia of Religion and
Ethics_, ii, 636.

[946] Numb. xix, 11 ff. For the Mazdean rules see
Tiele-Gehrich, _Geschichte der Religion im Altertum_, ii,
340 ff.

[947] Sanitary purposes may have entered into such customs.

[948] Seligmann, _The Melanesians of British New Guinea_,
chap. xxiii, p. 138, etc.; Turner, _Samoa_, p. 145 f.; Kidd,
_The Essential Kafir_, p. 253.

[949] Ellis, _The E['w]e-speaking Peoples_, p. 160.

[950] Cicero, _De Legibus_, ii, 26 (Athens); _Roman_
_Digests_, xlvii, 12; _Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum_, i,
13 (Phoenician); and so among many savage and
half-civilized peoples.

[951] Crawley, _The Mystic Rose_, chap. iii.

[952] Seligmann, _The Melanesians of British New Guinea_, p.
140.

[953] Ploss-Bartels, _Das Weib_, i, 296, 302, 374, 618.

[954] Frazer, article "Taboo" in _Encyclopaedia Britannica_,
9th ed.

[955] Seligmann, _The Melanesians of British New Guinea_, p.
466; Crawley, _The Mystic Rose_, p. 52 ff.

[956] G. Brown, _Melanesians and Polynesians_, p. 241; W. H.
Furness, 3d, _The Island of Stone-Money_, p. 38 f.

[957] Crawley, _The Mystic Rose_, p. 399 ff.

[958] A physiological basis for this view seems to lie
outside the resources of savage observation, but prohibition
of intercourse just after childbirth may have a humanitarian
basis.

[959] G. Brown, _Melanesians and Polynesians_, pp. 68, 80,
200; Seligmann, _The Melanesians of British New Guinea_, p.
292; W. R. Smith, _Religion of the Semites_, additional note
C.

[960] Cf. Westermarck, _Origin and Development of the Moral
Ideas_, ii, 406 ff.; Hobhouse, _Morals in Evolution_, Index,
s.v. _Chastity_.

[961] See below, Sec. 895 ff.; Westermarck, op. cit., i, 620
ff.

[962] Ezek. xliv, 19.