es as powerful things.

[519] See Sec. 253 ff.

[520] See _Revue de l'histoire des religions_, 1881.

[521] So in Central Australia (Spencer and Gillen, _Native
Tribes of Central Australia_, pp. 123 f., 137).

[522] The rock whence came the stones thrown by Deucalion
and Pyrrha (the origin of the human race) also gave birth to
Agdistis _mugitibus editis multis_, according to Arnobius,
_Adversus Nationes_, v, 5. Mithra's birth from a rock
(Roscher, _Lexikon_) is perhaps a bit of late poetical or
philosophical imagery.

[523] For various powers of stones, involving many human
interests, see indexes in Tylor's _Primitive Culture_,
Frazer's _Golden Bough_, and Hartland's _Primitive
Paternity_, s.v. _Stone_ or _Stones_.

[524] Festus, p. 2; see the remarks of Marquardt, _Roemische
Staatsverwaltung_; Aust, _Religion der Roemer_, p. 121; and
Fowler, _Roman Festivals_, p. 232 f. On the relation between
the lapis and Juppiter Elicius, see Wissowa, _Religion und
Kultus der Roemer_, p. 106; cf. Roscher, _Lexikon_, article
"Iuppiter," col. 606 ff.

[525] See above, Sec. 97 ff.

[526] On processes of capturing a god in order to inclose
him in an object, or of transferring a god from one object
to another, see W. Crooke, "The Binding of a God," in
_Folklore_, viii.

[527] In pre-Islamic Arabia many gods were represented by
stones, the stone being generally identified with the deity;
so Al-Lat, Dhu ash-Shara (Dusares), and the deities
represented by the stones in the Meccan Kaaba.

[528] Livy, xxix, 10 f.

[529] 1 Sam. iv.

[530] Head, _Historia Numorum_, p. 661.

[531] Tacitus, _Hist._ ii, 3; it was conical in shape.

[532] Fowler, _Roman Festivals_ p. 230 ff.; cf. above, the
"lapis manalis," Sec. 289.

[533] Herodian, v, 3, 10.

[534] Pausanias, vii, 22. Cf. Tylor, _Primitive Culture_,
ii, 160 ff.

[535] H. Spencer, _Principles of Sociology_, i, 335;
Saussaye, _Manual of the Science of Religion_ (Eng. tr.), p.
85 ff.

[536] Gen. xxviii, 18; cf. Smith, _Religion of the Semites_,
2d ed., p. 203 f.

[537] Hos. iii, 4.

[538] The reference in Jer. ii, 27, Hab. ii, 19 (stones as
parents and teachers), seems to be to the cult of foreign
deities, represented by images.

[539] On the interpretation of the masseba as a phallus or a
kteis see below, Sec.Sec. 400, 406.

[540] And so in Assyrian and Arabic.