61, 175, 272; cf. Acosta,
_Historia de las Indias_, bk. v, chap. iv.

[454] So Zeus and bull, Artemis and bear, Aphrodite and
dove, and many other examples. In such cases it is generally
useless to try to discover a resemblance between the
character of the god and that of the associated animal.
There is simply, as a rule, a coalescence of cults, or an
absorption of the earlier cult in the later.

[455] The particular conditions that induced this cult in
Egypt escape us. See the works on Egyptian religion by
Maspero, Wiedemann, Erman, Steindorff, and others.

[456] On the curious attitude of medieval Europe toward
animals as legally responsible beings see E. P. Evans, _The
Criminal Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals_.

[457] Spencer and Gillen, _Native Tribes of Central
Australia_, chap. x. Two superhuman creators are said to
have transformed themselves into lizards (ibid. p. 389 ff.).

[458] Batchelor, _The Ainu_, p. 35 ff.

[459] Matthews, _Navaho Legends_, pp. 80, 223; Dixon, _The
Northern Maidu_, p. 263.

[460] Brinton, _Myths of the New World_, p. 269; cf. article
"Animals" in Hastings, _Encyclopaedia Of Religion and
Ethics_.

[461] See above, Sec. 253, for the Egyptian cult.

[462] References to Stow's _Native Races of South Africa_
and Merensky's _Beitraege_ are given in Hastings,
_Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics_, i, 522.

[463] Cushing, in _The Century Magazine_, 1883; Tylor,
_Primitive Culture_, ii, 243 f.

[464] Crooke, _Popular Religion and Folklore of Northern
India_, ii, 213.

[465] Hopkins, _Religions of India_, pp. 527, 539; Crooke,
op. cit.; Fewkes, "The Winter Solstice Ceremony at Walpi,"
p. 17 ff.

[466] For a fanciful connection between the sun-myth and the
spider see Frobenius, _Childhood of Man_, chap. xxiii.

[467] A somewhat vague Naga (snake) being of this sort is
noted (Hopkins, _Religions of India_, p. 539). The relation
between the Australian supernatural being Bunjil (or Punjil)
and the eagle-hawk is not clear. Cf. Howitt, _Native Tribes
of South-East Australia_, Index; Spencer and Gillen, _Native
Tribes of Central Australia_, Index.

[468] See below, Sec. 635 f.

[469] A special form of man's relations with animals is
considered below under "Totemism."

[470] For example, in Sumatra, offerings are made to the
"soul of the rice"; there is fear of frightening th