[226] _Journal of American Folklore_, iv, 307. Cf. Will and
Spinden, _The Mandans_, pp. 129 ff., 143 ff. The gods
themselves, also, have their festive dances (W. Matthews,
_Navaho Legends_, p. 83), and are sometimes represented as
the authors of the sacred chants (ibid. p. 225).

[227] See W. Matthews, loc. cit.

[228] See, further, _Journal of American Folklore_, iii,
257; iv, 129; xii, 81 (basket dances); R. B. Dixon, _The
Northern Maidu_, p. 183 ff. (numerous and elaborate, and
sometimes economic); Robertson, _Kafirs of the Hindu-Kush_,
chap. 33; N. W. Thomas, _Australia_, chap. 7. Thomas
describes many Australian games, and Dixon (_The Shasta_, p.
441 ff.) Californian games. For stories told by the natives
of Guiana see above, Sec. 106.

[229] 2 Sam. vi, 5.

[230] Tylor, _Primitive Culture_, ii, 133 f., 409 f.

[231] A. B. Ellis, _The Tshi_, p. 226.

[232] So, probably, the Old-Hebrew ark.

[233] See the references in article "Circumambulation" in
Hastings, _Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics_.

[234] Westermarck, _Human Marriage_, 3d ed., p. 542. This
sexual instinct is carried back by Darwin (_Descent of Man_,
chap. xii) to the lower animals.

[235] Cf. Gen. iii, 7. There is no conclusive evidence that
the concealment of parts of the body by savages is prompted
by modesty (cf. Ratzel, _History of Mankind_, i, 93 ff.),
but it may have contributed to the development of this
feeling.

[236] Cf. Y. Him, _Origins of Art_, chap. xvi. For the Maori
usage see R. Taylor, _New Zealand and its Inhabitants_,
chap. xviii.

[237] Cf. Lucien Carr, "Dress and Ornaments of Certain
American Indians" (in _Proceedings of the American
Antiquarian Society_, 1897).

[238] Ratzel, op. cit., Index, s.v. _Tattooing_; Boas, _The
Central Eskimo_, p. 561; Frobenius, _Childhood of Man_,
chap. ii. Among some tribes (as the Fijians) untattooed
persons are denied entrance into the other world. Naturally
the origin of tattoo is by some tribes referred to deities:
see Turner, _Samoa_, p. 55 f.; _Journal of the
Anthropological Institute_, xix, 100 (New Zealand); xvii,
318 ff. (Queen Charlotte Islands and Alaska). The Ainu hold
that it drives away demons (Batchelor, _The Ainu_, p. 22).

[239] Turner, op. cit., p. 141.

[240] Spencer and Gillen, _Native Tribes of Central
Australia_, chap. vi.

[241] Frobenius, _Childhood of Man_, p.