mskunde_, ii 158 ff.

[189] Occasional reincarnation in human form is found
elsewhere. The Mazdeans made it universal.

[190] There is no certain or probable reference to it in the
Old Testament before this. Ezek. xxxvii, 1-14, is obviously
a figurative prediction of national (not individual)
resuscitation, and the obscure passage Isa. xxvi, 19 seems
to refer to the reestablishment of the nation, and in any
case is not earlier than the fourth century B.C. and may be
later.

[191] Dan. xii; 2 Macc. vii, 14; Enoch, xci, 10; xxii.

[192] 1 Cor. xv, 23; Rom. vi, 4; viii, 11; John vi, 54.

[193] Acts xxiv, 15; John v, 28 f.

[194] Apokatastasis (Col. i, 20; cf. Rom. xi, 32).

[195] Cf. Steinmetz, _Ethnologische Studien zur ersten
Entwicklung der Strase_.

[196] Westermarck, _Moral Ideas_, ii, 234, 245 f.

[197] See below, on necromancy, Sec. 927.

[198] See Sec. 360 ff. (ancestor-worship) and Sec. 350 ff.
(divinization of deceased persons).

[199] In Egypt there grew up also an elaborate system of
charms for the protection of the dead against hostile
animals, especially serpents,--a body of magical texts that
finally took the form of the "Book of the Dead" (Breasted,
_History of Egypt_, pp. 69, 175; Steindorff, _Religion of
the Ancient Egyptians_, p. 153 ff.).

[200] _Catapatha Brahmana_, xii, 9, 3, 12. Cf. W. Ellis,
_Polynesian Researches_, i, 193 f.

[201] Breasted, op. cit., p. 249.

[202] 1 Cor. xv, 29.

[203] 2 Macc. xii, 40 ff. Possibly the custom came to the
Jews from Egypt. For later Jewish ideas on this point see
_Jewish Encyclopedia_, article "Kaddish."

[204] Smith and Cheetham, _Dictionary of Christian
Antiquities_, article "Canon of the Liturgy"; Hughes,
_Dictionary of Islam_, article "Prayers for the Dead."

[205] On savage logic cf. Jevons, _Introduction to the
History of Religion_, chap. iv.

[206] See Sec. 18 ff.

[207] See Sec. 635 ff.

[208] As to the efficiency of such tradition, compare the
way in which mechanical processes are transmitted by older
workmen to younger, always with the possibility of gradual
improvement. In literary activity, also, tradition plays a
great part; a young people must serve an apprenticeship
before it can produce works of merit.

[209] Spencer, _Principles of Sociology_, i, sec. 35;
Westermarck, _Human Marriage_, p. 43 ff.; Pridham, _Ceylon_,
i, 454 (