of Egypt_, pp. 64, 173 ff. Different conceptions,
however, appear in different stages of eschatological
thought. Probably the older view was that all the dead
descended to the Underworld. According to another view, the
good ascended to heaven and accompanied the sun on his daily
voyage over the heavenly ocean.

[174] _Revue archeologique_, 1903, and Reinach, _Orpheus_
(Eng. tr.), p. 88 f.

[175] _Gorgias_, 523-526; _Republic_, x, 614; _Laws_, x, 904
f.; _Phaedo_, 113 f.

[176] Isa. lxv, 17-21; lxvi, 24; Enoch, x, 12-22.

[177] Enoch, xxii.

[178] Enoch, civ, 6; xcix, 11.

[179] _Secrets of Enoch_, chaps. vii-x. For the third heaven
cf. 2 Cor. xii, 2-4. Varro also (quoted in Augustine, _De
Civ. Dei_, vii, 6) assigned the souls of the dead to a
celestial space beneath the abode of the gods.

[180] Matt. xxv, 46; 1 Thess. iv, 17; 2 Pet. ii, 4; iii, 13;
Rev. xx, 15; xxi, 1; 2 Cor. xii, 2-4.

[181] See, for example, the _Revelation of the Monk of
Evesham_, Eng. tr. by V. Paget (New York, 1909).

[182] _Republic_, x, 614.

[183] Herzog-Hauck, _Real-Encyklopaedie_, Index, s.v.
_Fegfeuer_; _Jewish Encyclopedia_, article "Purgatory."

[184] American Indians (H. C. Yarrow, _Introduction to the
Study of Mortuary Customs among the North American Indians_,
p. 5 ff.); Egypt (Wilkinson, _The Ancient Egyptians_, chap.
x); see article "Funerailles" in _La Grande Encyclopedie_.
Grant Allen, in _The Evolution of the Idea of God_, chap.
iii, connects the idea of bodily resurrection with the
custom of inhumation and the idea of immortality with
cremation, but this view is not borne out by known facts.

[185] Frazer, _Golden Bough_, 2nd ed., i, 262, 278.

[186] The doctrine of reincarnation in India followed on
that of Hades, and stood in a certain opposition to it. Cf.
Hopkins, _Religions of India_, pp. 204 ff., 530 n. 3;
Bloomfield, _Religion of the Veda_, pp. 211, 252 ff.

[187] _Zoroastrian Studies_, p. 236. Prexaspes says that "if
the dead rise again" Smerdis maybe the son of Cyrus. He may
mean that this is not probable. Smerdis, he would in that
case say, is certainly dead, and this pretender can be the
son of Cyrus only in case the dead come to life.

[188] Diogenes Laertius in Mueller, _Fragmenta Historicorum
Gracorum_, i, 289; cf. Plutarch, _Isis and Osiris_, 47, and
Herodotus, i, 131-140. See Spiegel, _Eranische
Alterthu