FREE BOOKS

Author's List




PREV.   NEXT  
|<   148   149   150   151   152   153   154   155   156   157   158   159   160   161   162   163   164   165   166   167   168   169   170   171   172  
173   174   175   176   177   178   179   180   181   182   183   184   185   186   187   188   189   190   191   192   193   194   195   196   197   >>   >|  
ething to be supplied from the context instead of upon the principal verb of their own sentences; as,-- ut haec omnia omittam, abiimus, _to pass over all this,_ (_I will say that_) _we departed_. Clauses of Characteristic. 283. 1. A relative clause used _to express a quality or characteristic of a general or indefinite antecedent_ is called a Clause of Characteristic, and usually stands in the Subjunctive; as,-- multa sunt, quae mentem acuant, _there are many things which sharpen the wits._ Clauses of Characteristic are opposed to those relative clauses which are used merely to state some fact about a definite antecedent, and which therefore take the Indicative; as,-- Cato, senex jucundus, qui Sapiens appellatus est, _Cato, a delightful old man, who was called 'The Wise.'_ The Clause of Characteristic implies '_a person of the sort that does something_'; the Indicative relative clause implies '_a particular person who does something_.' 2. Clauses of Characteristic are used especially after such expressions as, est qui; sunt qui; nemo est qui; nullus est qui; unus est qui; solus est qui; quis est qui; is qui; etc. Thus:-- sunt qui dicant, _there are (some) who say_; nemo est qui nesciat, _there is nobody who is ignorant_; sapientia est una quae maestitiam pellat, _philosophy is the only thing that drives away sorrow_; quae civitas est quae non everti possit, _what state is there that cannot be overthrown?_ non is sum qui improbos laudem, _I am not the sort of man that praises the wicked._ a. Sometimes (very rarely in Cicero and Caesar) the clause of characteristic is used after comparatives; as,-- non longius hostes aberant quam quo telum adigi posset, _the enemy were not too far off for a dart to reach them_ (lit. _further off than [a point] to which a dart could be cast_). 3. The Clause of Characteristic often conveys an accessory notion of cause (_since_) or opposition (_although_). Thus:-- a) Cause. The relative is then frequently accompanied by ut, quippe, utpote; as,-- o fortunate adulescens, qui tuae virtutis Homerum praeconem inveneris, _O fortunate man, since you have found a Homer as the herald of your valor_; ut qui optimo jure eam provinciam obtinuerit, _since he held that province by excellent right_. b) Opposition:-- egomet qui sero Graecas litteras attigisse
PREV.   NEXT  
|<   148   149   150   151   152   153   154   155   156   157   158   159   160   161   162   163   164   165   166   167   168   169   170   171   172  
173   174   175   176   177   178   179   180   181   182   183   184   185   186   187   188   189   190   191   192   193   194   195   196   197   >>   >|  



Top keywords:
Characteristic
 

relative

 

clause

 

Clauses

 

Clause

 
called
 
antecedent
 

fortunate

 
person
 

Indicative


implies

 

characteristic

 
litteras
 

improbos

 
attigisse
 

laudem

 
comparatives
 
longius
 

hostes

 

wicked


Caesar

 

Cicero

 

Sometimes

 

rarely

 

aberant

 

posset

 

praises

 

excellent

 

province

 

inveneris


virtutis

 
Homerum
 

praeconem

 

provinciam

 

obtinuerit

 
optimo
 

herald

 
adulescens
 

notion

 
opposition

accessory
 

Graecas

 
conveys
 
quippe
 

utpote

 

Opposition

 
egomet
 

frequently

 
accompanied
 

general