hilochus's
poems are reported to have been full of abuse_.

NOTE.--In compound tenses and periphrastic forms, the last two classes of
verbs, c), d), more commonly take the impersonal construction; as--

traditum est Homerum caecum fuisse, _the story goes that Homer was
blind_.

Infinitive with Adjectives.

333. The Infinitive with Adjectives (except paratus, assuetus, etc.; see Sec.
328, 1) occurs only in poetry and post-Augustan prose writers; as,--

contentus demonstrasse, _contented to have proved_;

audax omnia perpeti, _bold for enduring everything_.

Infinitive in Exclamations.

334. The Infinitive is used in Exclamations implying _scorn_,
_indignation_, or _regret_. An intensive -ne is often attached to some word
in the clause. Examples:--

huncine solem tam nigrum surrexe mihi, _to think that to-day's sun rose
with such evil omen for me!_

sedere totos dies in villa, _to stay whole days at the villa_.

Historical Infinitive.

335. The Infinitive is often used in historical narrative instead of the
Imperfect Indicative. The Subject stands in the Nominative; as,--

interim cottidie Caesar Haeduos frumentum flagitare, _meanwhile Caesar
was daily demanding grain of the Haedui_.

PARTICIPLES.

Tenses of the Participle.

336. 1. The tenses of the Participle, like those of the infinitive (see Sec.
270), express time not absolutely, but with reference to the verb upon
which the Participle depends.

2. The Present Participle denotes action _contemporary with_ that of the
verb. Thus:--

audio te loquentem = _you_ ARE _speaking and I hear you_;

audiebam te loquentem = _you_ WERE _speaking and I heard you_;

audiam te loquentem = _you_ WILL BE _speaking and I shall hear you._

a. The Present Participle is sometimes employed with Conative force;
as,--

assurgentem regem resupinat, _as the king was trying to rise, he threw
him down._

3. The Perfect Passive Participle denotes action _prior to_ that of the
verb. Thus:--

locutus taceo = _I_ HAVE _spoken and am silent_;

locutus tacui = _I_ HAD _spoken and then was silent_;

locutus tacebo = _I_ SHALL _speak and then shall be silent._

4. The absolute time of the action of a participle, therefore, is
determined entirely by the finite verb with which it is connected.

5. Certain Perfect Passive Participles of Deponent and Semi-Deponent Verbs
are used as Presents; viz.