iendship_.

11. Special rhetorical devices for indicating emphasis are the following:--

a) Hyperbaton, which consists in the separation of words that regularly
stand together; as,--

septimus mihi Originum liber est in manibus, _the seventh book of my
'Origines' is under way_;

recepto Caesar Orico proficiscitur, _having recovered Oricus, Caesar
set out_.

b) Anaphora, which consists in the repetition of the same word or the
same word-order in successive phrases; as,--

sed pleni omnes sunt libri, plenae sapientium voces, plena exemplorum
vetustas, _but all books are full of it, the voices of sages are full
of it, antiquity is full of examples of it_.

c) Chiasmus,[59] which consists in changing the relative order of words
in two antithetical phrases; as,--

multos defendi, laesi neminem, _many have I defended, I have injured no
one_;

horribilem illum diem aliis, nobis faustum, _that day dreadful to
others, for us fortunate_.

d) Synchysis, or the interlocked arrangement. This is mostly confined to
poetry, yet occurs in rhetorical prose, especially that of the Imperial
Period; as,--

simulatam Pompejanarum gratiam partium, _pretended interest in the
Pompeian party_.

12. Metrical Close. At the end of a sentence certain cadences were avoided;
others were much employed. Thus:--

a) Cadences avoided.

_ v v _ v or _ ; as, esse videtur (close of hexameter).

_ v v v or _ ; as, esse potest (close of pentameter).

b) Cadences frequently employed.

_ v _ ; as, auxerant.

_ v _ v ; as, comprobavit.

_ v v v _ v ; as, esse videatur.

v _ _ v _ ; as, rogatu tuo.

B. SENTENCE-STRUCTURE.

351. 1. Unity of Subject.--In complex sentences the Latin regularly holds
to unity of Subject in the different members; as,--

Caesar primum suo, deinde omnium ex conspectu remotis equis, ut aequato
periculo spem fugae tolleret, cohortatus suos proelium commisit,
_Caesar having first removed his own horse from sight, then the horses
of all, in order, by making the danger equal, to take away hope of
flight, encouraged his men and joined battle_.

2. A word serving as the common Subject or Object of the main clause and a
subordinate one, stands before both; as,--

Haedui cum se defendere non possent, legatos ad Caesarem mittunt,
_since the Haedui could not defend themselves, they sent envoys