c, en, non, quin, sin, sic, cur. Also the adverbs hic, illic,
istic.[60]

2. Final syllables in -as are long; as, terras, amas.

3. Final syllables in -es are regularly long, but are short:--

a) In the Nominative and Vocative Singular of dental stems (Sec. 33) of the
Third Declension which have a short penult in the Genitive; as, seges
(segetis), obses (obsidis), miles, dives. But a few have -es; viz. pes,
aries, abies, paries.

b) In es (_thou art_), penes.

4. Final -os is usually long, but short in os (ossis), compos, impos.

5. Final -is is usually short, but is long:--

a) In Plurals; as, portis, hortis, nobis, vobis, nubis (Acc.).

b) In the Second Person Singular Perfect Subjunctive Active; as,
amaveris, monueris, audiveris, etc. Yet occasional exceptions occur.

c) In the Second Person Singular Present Indicative Active of the Fourth
Conjugation; as, audis.

d) In vis, _force_; is, _thou goest_; fis; sis; velis; nolis; vis, _thou
wilt_ (mavis, quamvis, quivis, etc.).

6. Final -us is usually short, but is long:--

a) In the Genitive Singular and in the Nominative, Accusative, and
Vocative Plural of the Fourth Declension; as, fructus.

_b_) In the Nominative and Vocative Singular of those nouns of the Third
Declension in which the u belongs to the stem; as, palus (-udis),
servitus (-utis), tellus (-uris).

365. Greek Nouns retain in Latin their original quantity; as, Aenea,
epitome, Delos, Pallas, Simois, Salamis, Didus, Paridi, aer, aether,
crater, heroas. Yet Greek nouns in -_omega-rho_ (-or) regularly shorten
the vowel of the final syllable; as, rhetor, Hector.

VERSE-STRUCTURE.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES.

366. 1. The metrical unit in versification is a short syllable, technically
called a mora ( v ). A long syllable ( _ ) is regarded as equivalent to two
morae.

2. A Foot is a group of syllables. The following are the most important
kinds of fundamental feet:--

FEET OF THREE MORAE. FEET OF FOUR MORAE.
_ v Trochee. _ v v Dactyl.
v _ Iambus. v v _ Anapaest.

3. A Verse is a succession of feet.

4. The different kinds of verses are named Trochaic, Iambic, Dactylic,
Anapaestic, according to the foot which forms the basis of their structure.

5. Ictus. In every fundamental foot the long syllable naturally receives
the greater prominence. This prominence is called ictus.[61] It is denoted
thus: _/ v v ; _/ v .

6. Thesis and