tween cooerdinate
members, particularly in lively or impassioned narration. Thus:--

a) A copulative Conjunction is omitted; as,--

avaritia infinita, insatiabilis est, _avarice is boundless (and)
insatiable_;

Cn. Pompejo, M. Crasso consulibus, _in the consulship of Gnaeus Pompey
(and) Marcus Crassus_.

The conjunction is regularly omitted between the names of consuls when
the praenomen (_Marcus_, _Gaius_, etc.) is expressed.

b) An Adversative Conjunction may be omitted; as,--

rationes defuerunt, ubertas orationis non defuit, _arguments were
lacking, (but) abundance of words was not_.

ADVERBS.

347. 1. The following particles, sometimes classed as Conjunctions, are
more properly Adverbs:--

etiam, _also_, _even_.

quoque (always post-positive), _also_.

quidem (always post-positive) lays stress upon the preceding word. It is
sometimes equivalent to the English _indeed_, _in fact_, but more
frequently cannot be rendered, except by vocal emphasis.

ne ... quidem means _not even_; the emphatic word or phrase always stands
between; as, ne ille quidem, _not even he_.

tamen and vero, in addition to their use as Conjunctions, are often
employed as Adverbs.

2. Negatives. Two negatives are regularly equivalent to an affirmative as
in English, as non nulli, _some_; but when non, nemo, nihil, numquam, etc.,
are accompanied by neque ... neque, non ... non, non modo, or ne ...
quidem, the latter particles simply take up the negation and emphasize it;
as,--

habeo hic neminem neque amicum neque cognatum, _I have here no one,
neither friend nor relative_.

non enim praetereundum est ne id quidem, _for not even that must be
passed by._

a. Haud in Cicero and Caesar occurs almost exclusively as a modifier of
Adjectives and Adverbs, and in the phrase haud scio an. Later writers use
it freely with verbs.

* * * * *

CHAPTER VII.--_Word-order and Sentence-Structure._

A. WORD-ORDER.

348. In the normal arrangement of the Latin sentence the Subject stands at
the beginning of the sentence, the Predicate at the end; as,--

Darius classem quingentarum navium comparavit, _Darius got ready a
fleet of five hundred ships_.

349. But for the sake of emphasis the normal arrangement is often
abandoned, and the emphatic word is put at the beginning, less frequently
at the end of the sentence; as,--