reason, and hence take the
Subjunctive; as,--

id feci, non quod vos hanc defensionem desiderare arbitrarer, sed ut
omnes intellegerent, _this I did, not because I thought you needed this
defense, but that all might perceive_;

Crasso commendationem non sum pollicitus, non quin eam valituram apud
te arbitrarer, sed egere mihi commendatione non videbatur, _I did not
promise a recommendation to Crassus, not that I did not think it would
have weight with you, but because he did not seem to me to need
recommendation_.

c. But clauses introduced by non quod, non quia take the Indicative _if
they state a fact_, even though that fact is denied to be the reason for
something; as,--

hoc ita sentio, non quia sum ipse augur, sed quia sic existimare nos
est necesse, _this I think, not because I am myself an augur (which I
really am), but because it is necessary for us to think so_.

2. Cum causal regularly takes the Subjunctive; as,--

quae cum ita sint, _since this is so_;

cum sis mortalis, quae mortalia sunt, cura, _since you are mortal, care
for what is mortal_.

a. Note the phrase cum praesertim (praesertim cum), _especially since;_
as,--

Haeduos accusat, praesertim cum eorum precibus adductus bellum
susceperit, _he blamed the Haedui, especially since he had undertaken
the war at their entreaties_.

3. Quando (less frequent than the other causal particles) governs the
Indicative; as,--

id omitto, quando vobis ita placet, _I pass over that, since you so
wish_.

Temporal Clauses introduced by
_Postquam_, _Ut_, _Ubi_, _Simul ac_,
etc.

287. 1. Postquam (posteaquam), _after_; ut, ubi, _when_; cum primum, simul,
simul ac (simul atque), _as soon as_, when used to refer _to a single past
act_ regularly take the Perfect Indicative; as,--

Epaminondas postquam audivit vicisse Boeotios, 'Satis' inquit 'vixi,'
_Epaminondas, after he heard that the Boeotians had conquered, said, 'I
have lived enough;'_

id ut audivit, Corcyram demigravit, _when he heard this, he moved to
Corcyra_;

Caesar cum primum potuit, ad exercitum contendit, _Caesar, as soon as
he could, hurried to the army_;

ubi de Caesaris adventu certiores facti sunt, legatos ad eum mittunt,
_when they were informed of Caesar's arrival, they sent envoys to him_.

a. The Historical Present may take the place of the Perfect in th