erb of _saying_, _thinking_, etc., that is called
Indirect Discourse (_Oratio Obliqua_); as, _Caesar said that the die was
cast; Caesar thought that his troops were victorious._

a. For the verbs most frequently employed to introduce Indirect
Discourse, see Sec. 331.

MOODS IN INDIRECT DISCOURSE.

Declarative Sentences.

314. 1. Declarative Sentences upon becoming Indirect change their main
clause to the Infinitive with Subject Accusative, while all subordinate
clauses take the Subjunctive; as,--

Regulus dixit quam diu jure jurando hostium teneretur non esse se
senatorem, _Regulus said that as long as he was held by his pledge to
the enemy he was not a senator._ (Direct: quam diu teneor non sum
senator.)

2. The verb of _saying_, _thinking_, etc., is sometimes to be inferred from
the context; as,--

tum Romulus legatos circa vicinas gentes misit qui societatem
conubiumque peterent: urbes quoque, ut cetera, ex infimo nasci, _then
Romulus sent envoys around among the neighboring tribes, to ask for
alliance and the right of intermarriage, (saying that) cities, like
everything else, start from a modest beginning_.

3. Subordinate clauses which contain an explanatory statement of the writer
and so are not properly a part of the Indirect Discourse, or which
emphasize the fact stated, take the Indicative; as,--

nuntiatum est Ariovistum ad occupandum Vesontionem, quod est oppidum
maximum Sequanorum contendere, _it was reported that Ariovistus was
hastening to seize Vesontio, which is the largest town of the Sequani_.

4. Sometimes a subordinate clause is such only in its external form, and in
sense is principal. It then takes the Infinitive with Subject Accusative.
This occurs especially in case of relative clauses, where qui is equivalent
to et hic, nam hic, etc.; as,--

dixit urbem Atheniensium propugnaculum oppositum esse barbaris, apud
quam jam bis classes regias fecisse naufragium, _he said the city of
the Athenians had been set against the barbarians like a bulwark, near
which (= and near it) the fleets of the King had twice met disaster_.

5. The Subject Accusative of the Infinitive is sometimes omitted when it
refers to the same person as the subject of the leading verb, or can easily
be supplied from the context; as,--

cum id nescire Mago diceret, _when Mago said he did not know this_ (for
se nescire).

Interrogative Sentenc