bjunctive is thus used; as,--

saepe cum aliquem videret minus bene vestitum, suum amiculum dedit,
_often, wherever he saw some one more poorly clothed, he gave him his
own mantle_;

cum procucurrissent, Numidae effugiebant, _as often as they had
advanced, the Numidians ran away_.

This construction is frequent in Livy and subsequent historians.

B. Cum REFERRING TO THE PRESENT OR FUTURE.

289. When cum refers to the Present or Future it regularly takes the
Indicative; as,--

tum tua res agitur, paries cum proximus ardet, _your own interests are
at stake when your neighbor's house is burning_;

cum videbis, tum scies, _when you see, then you will know._

a. The Indicative of the Present or Future may denote also a _recurring
action;_ as,--

stabilitas amicitiae confirmari potest, cum homines cupidinibus
imperabunt, _firm friendship can be established whenever men shall
control their desires._

C. OTHER USES OF Cum.

290. 1. Cum Explicative. Cum, with the Indicative, is sometimes used to
indicate the identity of one act with another; as,--

cum tacent clamant, _their silence is a shout_ (lit. _when they are
silent, they shout_).

2. Cum ... tum. When cum ... tum mean _both ... and_, the cum-clause is in
the Indicative; but when cum has the force of _while_, _though_, it may
take the Subjunctive; as,--

cum te semper dilexerim, tum tuis factis incensus sum, _while I have
always loved you, at the same time I am stirred by your conduct_.

Clauses introduced by _Antequam_ and _Priusquam_.

A. WITH THE INDICATIVE.

291. Antequam and priusquam (often written ante ... quam, prius ... quam)
take the Indicative to denote _an actual fact_.

1. Sometimes the Present or Future Perfect; as,--

prius respondes quam rogo, _you answer before I ask_;

nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit, _I will say nothing in
opposition, before he speaks_.

2. Sometimes the Perfect, especially after negative clauses; as,--

non prius jugulandi finis fuit, quam Sulla omnes suos divitiis
explevit, _there was no end of murder until Sulla satisfied all his
henchmen with wealth_.

B. WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE.

292. Antequam and priusquam take the Subjunctive to denote an act as
_anticipated_.

1. Thus the Subjunctive may denote--

a) An act in preparation for which the main act takes place; as,--

priusquam dimicarent, foedus ic