al sentences of
the contrary-to-fact type (see Sec. 304) are also Potential in character. By
omission of the Protasis, such an Apodosis sometimes stands alone,
particularly vellem, nollem, mallem; as,--

vellem id quidem, _I should wish that_ (i.e. were I bold enough).

The Imperative.

281. The Imperative is used in _commands_, _admonitions_ and _entreaties_
(negative ne), as,--

egredere ex urbe, _depart from the city_;

mihi ignosce, _pardon me_;

vale, _farewell_.

1. The Present is the tense of the Imperative most commonly used, but the
Future is employed--

a) Where there is a distinct reference to future time, especially in the
apodosis of conditional sentences; as,--

rem vobis proponam; vos eam penditote, _I will lay the matter before
you; do you (then) consider it_;

si bene disputabit, tribuito litteris Graecis, _if he shall speak well,
attribute it to Greek literature._

b) In laws, treaties, wills, maxims, etc.; as,--

consules summum jus habento, _the consuls shall have supreme power_;

hominem mortuom in urbe ne sepelito, _no one shall bury a dead body in
the city_;

amicitia regi Antiocho cum populo Romano his legibus et condicionibus
esto, _let there be friendship between Antiochus and the Roman people
on the following terms and conditions_;

quartae esto partis Marcus heres, _let Marcus be heir to a fourth (of
the property_);

ignoscito saepe alteri, numquam tibi, _forgive your neighbor often,
yourself never_.

2. Except with the Future Imperative the negative is not used in classical
prose. Prohibitions are regularly expressed in other ways. See Sec. 276, b.

3. Questions in the Indicative introduced by quin (_why not?_) are often
equivalent to an Imperative or to the Hortatory Subjunctive; as,--

quin abis, _go away!_ (lit. _why don't you go away?_);

quin vocem continetis, _keep still!_ (lit. _why don't you stop your
voices?_);

quin equos conscendimus, _let us mount our horses_ (lit. _why do we not
mount our horses?_)

MOODS IN DEPENDENT CLAUSES.

Clauses of Purpose.

282. 1. Clauses of Purpose are introduced most commonly by ut (uti), quo
(_that_, _in order that_), ne (_in order that not, lest_), and stand in the
Subjunctive, as,--

edimus ut vivamus, _we eat that we may live;_

adjuta me quo hoc fiat facilius, _help me, in order that this may be
done mor