ue'rimus fuis'sem fuisse:'mus
fu'eris fue'ritis fuis'se:s fuisse:'tis
fu'erit fu'erint fuis'set fuis'sent

_365._ A substantive clause is a clause used like a noun, as,

_That the men are afraid_ is clear enough (clause as subject)
He ordered _them to call on him_ (clause as object)

We have already had many instances of infinitive clauses used in this
way (cf. Sec. 213), and have noted the similarity between Latin and
English usage in this respect. But the Latin often uses the
_subjunctive_ in substantive clauses, and this marks an important
difference between the two languages.

_366._ RULE. Substantive Clauses of Purpose. _A substantive clause of
purpose with the subjunctive is used as the object of verbs of
/commanding\, /urging\, /asking\, /persuading\, or /advising\, where in
English we should usually have the infinitive._

EXAMPLES

1. _The general ordered the soldiers to run_
Imperator militibus imperavit ut currerent
2. _He urged them to resist bravely_
Hortatus est ut fortiter resisterent
3. _He asked them to give the children food_
Petivit ut liberis cibum darent
4. _He will persuade us not to set out_
Nobis persuadebit ne proficiscamur
5. _He advises us to remain at home_
Monet ut domi maneamus

_a._ The object clauses following these verbs all express the
purpose or will of the principal subject that something be done or
not done. (Cf. Sec. 348.)

_367._ The following verbs are used with object clauses of purpose.
Learn the list and the principal parts of the new ones.

hortor, _urge_
impero, _order_ (with the _dative_ of the _person_ ordered and a
_subjunctive clause_ of the _thing_ ordered done)
moneo, _advise_
peto, quaero, rogo, _ask, seek_
persuadeo, _persuade_ (with the same construction as impero)
postulo, _demand, require_
suadeo, _advise_ (cf. persuadeo)

N.B. Remember that /iubeo\, _order_, takes the infinitive as in English.
(Cf. Sec. 213.1.) Compare the sentences

Iubeo eum venire, _I order him to come_
Impero ei ut veniat, _I give orders to him that he is to come_

We ordinarily translate both of these sentences like the first, but the
difference in meaning between iubeo and impero in the Latin requires the
_infinitive_ in the one case and the _subjunctive_ in the other.

_368._ EXERCISES

I. 1. Petit atque hortatur ut ipse dicat. 2. Caesar Helvetiis imperravit
ne per