quisites of the imperial court, may also be excepted, as, for
instance, the native custom-house at Canton, Hwei Kwan on the Grand
Canal, and various stations in the neighbourhood of Peking.

[41] The production of a budget in 1915 was promised in one of the
reform edicts of 1908.

[42] In this article the tael used as a standard is the Haikwan (i.e.
customs) tael, worth about 3s. It fluctuates with the value of
silver.

[43] Roughly L43,000,000.

[44] _Trade and Administration of the Chinese Empire_ (1910), p. 118.

[45] Temporary reductions are granted in provinces affected by
rebellion, drought or flood.

[46] Information as to what extent the expenses of the new army and
navy are met by the central government is lacking.

[47] To meet the expenditure on interest and redemption of the
indemnities for the Boxer outrages the Peking government required
the provincial authorities to increase their annual remittances by
taels 18,700,000 during the years 1902-1910.

[48] It must be remembered that the Haikwan tael is here indicated.

[49] See Morse's _Trade and Administration of the Chinese Empire_,
chap. ix.

[50] A supplementary exchange of notes of the same date excepted
from the scope of this agreement the Shan-hai-kwan-Niu-chwang
extension which had already been conceded to the Hongkong & Shanghai
Bank.

[51] The religious aspect of the Boxer movement gave it strength.
Its disciples believed that the spirits which defended China were
incensed by the introduction of Western methods and ideals. Many of
them believed themselves to be invulnerable to any Western weapon.
(See Lord W. Cecil, _Changing China_, 1910, ch. i.)

[52] The diary of a Manchu noble printed in _China under the Empress
Dowager_ (1910) by J.O. Bland and E. Backhouse throws light on the
subject. It was to Jung-Lu, father-in-law of Prince Chin, that the
legations owed their escape from extermination.

[53] It was at this time (July 17th) that the intense anxiety of the
civilized world with regard to the fate of the besieged reached its
culminating point. Circumstantial accounts of the fall of the
legations and the massacre of their inmates were circulated in
Shanghai and found general credence. It was not till near the end of
the month that an authentic message from the American minister
proved these fears t