ed by a crescent and a star. Below this
pavilion are two or more metal bands forming a fanciful double crescent
or squat lyre, likewise furnished with tiny bells. The two points of the
crescent are curved over, ending in fanciful animal heads from whose
mouths hang low streaming tails of horse-hair. The Chinese pavilion is
played by shaking or waving the pole up and down and jingling the bells,
a movement which can at best be but a slow one repeated once or at most
twice in a bar to punctuate the phrases and add brilliancy to the
military music. The Turkish crescent or "jingling Johnny," as it was
familiarly called in the British army bands, was introduced by the
Janissaries into western Europe. It has fallen into disuse now, having
been replaced by the glockenspiel or steel harmonica. Edinburgh
University possesses two specimens.[1] In the 18th century at
Bartholomew Fair one of the chief bands hired was one well known as
playing in London on winter evenings in front of the Spring-Garden
coffee house and opposite Wigley's. This band consisted of a double
drum, a Dutch organ (see BARREL-ORGAN), a tambourine, a violin, pipes
and the Turkish jingle.[2] (K.S.)

FOOTNOTES:

[1] See Captain C.R. Day, _Descriptive Catalogue of Musical
Instruments_ (London, 1891), p. 233.

[2] See Hone's _Everyday Book_, i. 1248.

CHINGFORD, an urban district in the Epping parliamentary division of
Essex, England, 101/2 m. N. of London (Liverpool Street station) by the
Great Eastern railway. Pop. (1901) 4373. It lies between the river Lea
and the western outskirts of Epping Forest. The church of All Saints has
Early English and Perpendicular remains. Queen Elizabeth's or Fair Mead
hunting lodge, a picturesque half-timbered building, is preserved under
the Epping Forest Preservation Act. A majestic oak, one of the finest
trees in the Forest, stands near it. Buckhurst Hill (an urban district;
pop. 4786) lies to the N.E.

CHINGLEPUT, or CHENGALPAT, a town and district of British India, in the
Madras presidency. The town, situated 36 m. by rail from Madras, had a
population in 1901 of 10,551. With Chandragiri in North Arcot,
Chingleput was once the capital of the Vijayanagar kings, after their
overthrow by the Mussulmans at Talikota in 1565. In 1639 a chief,
subject to these kings, granted to the East India Company the land on
which Fort St George now stands. The fort built by the Vijayanagar kings
in the 16th century w