in 1685 a new
charter was received from James II., which was shortly abandoned in
favour of the original grant. The Representation Act of 1868 reduced the
number of parliamentary representatives to one, and the borough was
disfranchised by the Redistribution Act of 1885. The derivation of
Chippenham from _cyppan_, to buy, implies that the town possessed a
market in Saxon times. When Henry VII. introduced the clothing
manufacture into Wiltshire, Chippenham became an important centre of the
industry, which has lapsed. A prize, however, was awarded to the town
for this commodity at the Great Exhibition of 1851.

CHIPPEWA[1] FALLS, a city and the county-seat of Chippewa county,
Wisconsin, U.S.A., on the Chippewa river, about 100 m. E. of St Paul,
Minnesota, and 12 m. N.E. of Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Pop. (1890) 8670;
(1900) 8094; (1910, census) 8893. It is served by the Minneapolis, St
Paul & Sault Ste Marie, the Chicago & North-Western, and the Chicago,
Milwaukee & St Paul railways, and by the electric line to Eau Claire.
The first settlement on the site was made in 1837; and the city was
chartered in 1870.

FOOTNOTE:

[1] For the Chippewa Indians see OJIBWAY, of which the word is a
popular adaptation.

CHIPPING CAMPDEN, a market town in the northern parliamentary division
of Gloucestershire, England, on the Oxford and Worcester line of the
Great Western railway. Pop. (1901) 1542. It is picturesquely situated
towards the north of the Cotteswold hill-district. The many interesting
ancient houses afford evidence of the former greater importance of the
town. The church of St James is mainly Perpendicular, and contains a
number of brasses of the 15th and 16th centuries and several notable
monumental tombs. A ruined manor house of the 16th century and some
almshouses complete, with the church, a picturesque group of buildings;
and Campden House, also of the 16th century, deserves notice.

Apart from a medieval tradition preserved by Robert de Brunne that it
was the meeting-place of a conference of Saxon kings, the earliest
record of Campden (_Campedene_) is in Domesday Book, when Earl Hugh is
said to hold it, and to have there fifty villeins. The number shows that
a large village was attached to the manor, which in 1173 passed to Hugh
de Gondeville, and about 1204 to Ralph, earl of Chester. The borough
must have grown up during the 12th century, for both these lords granted
the burgesses charters which a