the tail is longer than in
the existing _Notopteris_ of Fiji and New Guinea, or whether the molars
are more distinctly cusped than is the case with the Solomon Island
_Pteropus_ (_Pteralopex_), is not stated. Still, the fact that the
Miocene fruit-bat does show certain signs of approximation to the
insectivorous (and more generalized) section of the order is of
interest. Of the Oligocene forms, _Pseudorhinolophus_ of Europe is
apparently a member of the _Rhinolophidae_; but the affinities of
_Alastor_ and _Vespertiliavus_, which are likewise European, are more
doubtful, although the latter may be related to _Taphozous_. The North
American _Vespertilio_ (_Vesperugo_) _anemophilus_ and the European _V.
aquensis_ and _V. parisiensis_ are, on the other hand, members of the
_Vespertilionidae_, the last being apparently allied to the serotine
(_V. serotinus_).

AUTHORITIES.--The above article is based to some extent on the article
in the 9th edition of this work by G.E. Dobson, whose British Museum
"Catalogue" is, however, now obsolete. Professor H. Winge's
"Jordfundae og nulevende Flagermus (Chiroptera)," published in _E.
Mus. Lundi_ (Copenhagen, 1892), contains much valuable information;
and for _Pteropodidae_ Dr P. Matschie's _Megachiroptera_ (Berlin,
1899), should be consulted. For the rest the student must refer to
namerous papers by G.M. Allen, K. Andersen, F.A. Jentink, G.S. Miller,
T.S. Palmer, A.G. Rehn, O. Thomas and others, in various English and
American zoological serials, all of which are quoted in the volumes of
the _Zoological Record_. (R. L.*)

FOOTNOTES:

[1] _Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist._ vol. xii. (1899).

[2] _Proc. Zool. Soc._ (London, 1904), vol. ii.

CHIRU, a graceful Tibetan antelope (_Pantholops Hodgsoni_), of which the
bucks are armed with long, slender and heavily-ridged horns of an
altogether peculiar type, while the does are hornless. Possibly this
handsome antelope may be the original of the mythical unicorn, a single
buck when seen in profile looking exactly as if it had but one long
straight horn. Although far from uncommon, chiru are very wary, and
consequently difficult to approach. They are generally found in small
parties, although occasionally in herds. They inhabit the desolate
plateau of Tibet, at elevations of between 13,000 and 18,000 ft., and,
like all Tibetan animals, have a firm thick coat, formed in this
instance of close woolly hair of a grey