ucinus_).
(From Dobson.)]

[Illustration: FIG. 22.--Head of _Nyctinomops macrotis_. (From
Dobson.)]

The last subfamily is that of the _Molossinae_, included by Dobson in
the family _Emballonuridae_. In this group the premaxillae are in
contact or but very slightly separated; the ears are large, with the
tragus small; the dental formula is _i._ 1/1 (1/2 or 1/3), _c._ 1/1,
_p._ 1/2 (2/2), _m._ 3/3; and the fibula is strongly developed. In
their blunt muzzles and many other features these bats undoubtedly
resemble the _Emballonuridae_, from the typical members of which they
differ by the production of the thick tail far beyond the margin of
the interfemoral membrane. They are further characterized by their
broad and stout feet, in which the first, and in most cases also the
fifth, toe is thicker than the rest, and furnished with long bent
hairs; and by the presence of callosities at the base of the thumbs,
and a single pair of large upper incisors occupying the centre of the
space between the canines. The feet are free from the wing-membrane,
which folds up under the fore-arm and legs; the interfemoral membrane
is retractile, being movable backwards and forwards along the tail;
this power of varying its superficial extent confers on these bats
great dexterity in changing the direction of flight. All are able to
walk or crawl well, and spend much of their time on trees. The genus
_Chiromeles_, with _i._ 1/1, _c._ 1/1, _p._ 1/2, _m._ 3/3, the first
hind-toe much larger than and separate from the others, and the widely
sundered ears, is represented by _C. torquata_, a large bat of
peculiar aspect, inhabiting the Indo-Malay countries. This species is
nearly naked, a collar only of thinly spread hairs half surrounding
the neck, and is remarkable for its enormous throat-sac and
nursing-pouches. The former consists of a semicircular fold of skin
forming a pouch round the neck beneath, concealing the orifices of
subcutaneous pectoral glands which discharge an oily fluid of
offensive smell. The nursing-pouch is formed on each side by an
extension of a fold of skin from the side of the body to the inferior
surfaces of the humerus and femur. In the anterior part of this pouch
the teat is placed. The typical genus _Molossus_ (fig. 21) includes
the mastiff-bats, characterized by the dental formula _i._ 1/1 or 1/2,
_p._ 1/2 or 2/2; and by the upper incisors bei