per surface of the muzzle, or by rudimentary nose-leaves; the ears
being generally very large and united. Of the six genera, _Plecotus_,
with _i._ 2/3, _p._ 2/3, has three species:--one the long-eared
European bat referred to above; _P. macrotis_, restricted to North
America, is distinguished by the great size of the glandular
prominences of the sides of the muzzle, which meet in the centre above
and behind the nostrils; the third species being also American. The
second, _Barbastella_, with _i._ 2/3, _p._ 2/2, distinguished by its
dentition and by the outer margin of the ear being carried forwards
above the mouth and in front of the eye, includes the European
barbastelle bat, _B. barbastellus_, and _B. darjelingensis_ from the
Himalaya. _Otonycteris_, _i._ 1/3, _pm._, 1/2, connecting this group
with the _Vespertilioneae_, is represented by _O. hemprichii_, from
North Africa and the Himalaya, and an Arabian species. The next two
genera are distinguished by the presence of a rudimentary nose-leaf:
_Nyctophilus_, _i._ 1/3, _p._ 1/2, with three species from
Australasia; and _Antrozous_, _i._ 1/2, _p._ 1/2, distinguished from
all the other members of the subfamily by having but two lower
incisors, and from other _Plecoteae_ by the separate ears; the two
species inhabit California. The sixth genus, _Euderma_, is also
represented by a Californian species.

[Illustration: FIG. 19.--Head of _Scotophilus emarginatus_. (From
Dobson.)]

[Illustration: FIG. 20.--Head of _Cerivoula hardwickei_. (From
Dobson.)]

The second group _Vespertilioneae_, with about thirteen genera,
includes the great majority of the species; and a large number of
these may be classed under _Vespertilio_, which is divisible into
subgenera, differing from one another in the number of premolars, and
often ranked as separate genera. One group is represented by _V._
(_Histiolus_) _magellanicus_, a species remarkable for its extreme
southern range, its relatives being also South American. A second
group, with _p._ 1/2, includes the British serotine, _V._
(_Eptesicus_) _serotinus_, of Europe and northern Asia, and
represented in North America by the closely allied _V._ (_E._)
_fuscus_. In the typical group, which includes the Old World _V.
murinus_, one species, _V. borealis_, ranges to the Arctic circle. The
European noctule, _V._ (_Pierygistes_) _noctula_, and Leisler's bat,
_V._ (_P.