hiefly by the form of the skull and the presence or
absence of the second lower premolar. _Phyllostoma hastatum_, next in
point of size to _Vampyrus spectrum_, is a well-known species in South
America; _P. elongatum_ (fig. 11) differs in its smaller size and
larger nose-leaf. _Hemiderma brevicauda_, a small species, closely
resembles _Glossophaga soricina_, and forms a connecting link between
this and the next group. _Rhinophylla pumilio_ is the smallest species
of the family; further distinguished by the absence of a tail, the
narrowness of its molars, which do not form W-shaped cusps, and the
small size of the last upper molar, characters connecting it and the
group with the _Stenodermateae_. Both in _Hemiderma_ and _Rhinophylla_
the zygomatic arch is incomplete.

[Illustration: FIG. 11.--Head of Lesser Javelin Vampire (_Phyllostoma
elongatura_).]

The next subsection, _Glossophageae_, presents the following
distinctive features: Muzzle long and narrow; tongue long and
extensible, attenuated towards the tip, and beset with long filiform
recurved papillae; lower lip with a wide groove above, and in front
margined by small warts; nose-leaf small; tail short or none; _i._
2/2, _p._ 2/3 or 3/3 or 2/2, _m._ 3/3 or 2/3 or 2/2; teeth narrow;
molars with narrow W-shaped cusps, sometimes indistinct or absent;
lower incisors small or deciduous. The species included in this group
represent some ten genera, distinguished principally by differences in
the form and number of the teeth, and the presence or absence of the
zygomatic, arch of the skull. In _Glossophaga_ and _Phyllonycteris_
the upper incisors form a continuous row between the canines. In
_Monophyllus_ and _Leptonycteris_ (_Ischnoglossa_) they are separated
into pairs by a narrow interval in front; while in _Lonchoglossa_,
_Glossonycteris_ and _Choeronycteris_ they are widely separated and
placed in pairs near the canines. In the first four of these genera
the lower incisors are present (at least to a certain age), in the
last three they are deciduous even in youth. The zygomatic arch is
wanting in _Phyllonycteris_, _Glossonycteris_ and _Choeronycteris_.
The typical species is _Glossophaga soricina_, which, as already
mentioned, closely resembles _Hemiderma brevicauda_, both in form
and dentition. Its long brush-tipped tongue (which it possesses in
common with other species of the group) is used to