lick out the pulpy
contents of fruits having hard rinds. The food of the species of this
group appears to consist of both fruit and insects, and the long
tongue may be used for extracting the latter from the deep corollas of
flowers. Other genera are _Lonchophylla_, _Rhithronycteris_,
_Hylonycteris_ and _Lychonycteris_, each with a single species (in
1904).

[Illustration: FIG. 12.--Head of Long-tongued Vampire (_Choeronycteris
mexicana_), showing brush-tipped tongue. From Dobson.]

The third group, _Stenodermateae_, presents the following
characteristics:--Muzzle very short and generally broad in front, the
distance between the eyes nearly always exceeding (rarely equalling)
the distance from the eye to the extremity of the muzzle; nose-leaf
short, horseshoe-shaped in front, lanceolate behind (except in
_Brachyphylla_ and _Centurio_); interfemoral membrane concave behind;
tail none; inner margin of the lips fringed with conical papillae;
_i._ 2/2 or 2/1, _p._ 2/2, _m._ 3/3 or 2/3 or 2/2; cheek-teeth broad
(except in _Sturnira_), molars with concave or flat crowns margined
externally by raised cutting-edges. Although the _Stenodermateae_ are
generally easily distinguished from the _Vampyreae_ by the shortness
and breadth of the muzzle and the form of the cheek-teeth, certain
species of the latter resemble the former in external appearance,
agreeing almost absolutely in the form of the nose-leaf, the ears and
the tragus, and the warts on the chin. These resemblances show that,
while the form of the teeth and jaws has become modified to suit the
food, the external characters have remained much the same, and
indicate the common origin of the two sections. The food of these bats
appears to be wholly or in great part fruit. The species are divided
into some eleven genera, mostly distinguished by the form of the skull
and teeth. _Artibeus_ includes the frugivorous _A. perspicillatus_.
_Stenoderma achradophilum_, found in Jamaica and Cuba, with the last,
from which it is scarcely distinguishable externally except by its
much smaller size, differs in the absence of the horizontal plate of
the premaxillae on the palate. _Sturnira lilium_, while agreeing with
these in the form of the nose-leaf and ears, differs from all the
species of the family in its longitudinally-grooved molars, which
resemble those of the _Pteropodidae_ more closely than those of any