rade; at the
same time the Greeks were allowed to retain their rights of
self-government and continued to exercise their industries. In 1415
the Genoese became tributary to the Ottomans. In spite of occasional
secessions which brought severe punishment upon the island (1453,
1479), the rule of the Giustiniani was not abolished till 1566. Under
the Ottoman government the prosperity of Chios was hardly affected.
But the island underwent severe periods of suffering after its capture
and reconquest from the Florentines (1595) and the Venetians
(1694-1695), which greatly reduced the number of the Latins. Worst of
all were the massacres of 1822, which followed upon an attack by some
Greek insurgents executed against the will of the natives. In 1881
Chios was visited by a very severe earthquake in which over 5600
persons lost their lives and more than half the villages were
seriously damaged. The island has now recovered its prosperity. There
is a harbour at Castro, and steam flour-mills, foundries and tanneries
have been established. Rich antimony and calamine mines are worked by
a French undertaking, and good marble is quarried by an Italian
company.

AUTHORITIES.--Strabo xiv. pp. 632 f.; Athenaeus vi. 265-266; Herodotus
i. 160-165, vi. 15-31; Thucydides viii. 14-61; _Corpus Inscr.
Atticarum_, iv. (2), pp. 9, 10; H. Houssaye in _Revue des deux
mondes_, xlvi. (1876), pp. 1 ff.; T. Bent in _Historical Review_
(1889), pp. 467-480; Fustel de Coulanges, _L'Ile de Chio_ (ed.
Jullian, Paris, 1893); for coinage, B.V. Head, _Historia numorum_
(Oxford, 1887), pp. 513-515, and NUMISMATICS: _Greek_. (E. GR.;
M. O. B. C.)

CHIPPENDALE, THOMAS (d. 1779), the most famous of English cabinetmakers.
The materials for the biography of Chippendale are exceedingly scanty,
but he is known to have been the son of Thomas Chippendale I., and is
believed to have been the father of Thomas Chippendale III. His father
was a cabinet-maker and wood-carver of considerable repute in Worcester
towards the beginning of the 18th century, and possibly he originated
some of the forms which became characteristic of his son's work. Thus a
set of chairs and settees was made, apparently at Worcester, for the
family of Bury of Knateshill, at a period when the great cabinetmaker
could have been no more than a boy, which are practically identical with
much of the work that was being turned out of the famil