ment; and there are a number of
schools, several of which are carried on by Scottish Presbyterian
missionaries. Chinsura is included in the Hugli municipality.

CHINTZ, a word derived from the Hindu _ch[=i]nt_, spotted or variegated.
This name was given to a kind of stained or painted calico produced in
India. It is now applied to a highly glazed printed calico, commonly
made in several colours on a light ground and used for bed hangings,
covering furniture, &c.

CHIOGGIA, a town and episcopal see of Venetia, Italy, in the province of
Venice, from which it is 181/2 m. S. by sea. Pop. (1901) 21,384 (town),
31,218 (commune). It is inhabited mostly by fishermen, and is situated
upon an island at the S. end of the lagoons. It is traversed by one main
canal, La Vena. The peculiar dialect and customs of the inhabitants
still survive to some extent. It is of earlier origin than Venice, and
indeed is probably identical with the Roman Portus Aedro, or Ebro,
though its name is derived from the Roman Fossa Claudia, a canalized
estuary which with the two mouths of the Meduacus (Brenta) went to form
the harbour. In 672 it entered the league of the cities of the lagoons,
and recognized the authority of the doge. In 809 it was almost destroyed
by Pippin, but in 1110 was made a city, remaining subject to Venice,
whose fortunes it thenceforth followed. It was captured after a
determined resistance by the Genoese in 1379, but recovered in 1380.
Chioggia is connected by rail with Rovigo, 35 m. to the south-west.
(T. AS.)

_Naval War of Chioggia (1378-80)._--The naval war of 1378-1380, carried
on by Venice against the Genoese and their allies, the lord of Carrara
and the king of Hungary, is of exceptional interest as one in which a
superior naval power, having suffered disaster in its home waters, and
having been invaded, was yet able to win in the end by holding out till
its squadrons in distant seas could be recalled for its defence.

When the war began in the spring of 1378, Venice was mainly concerned
for the safety of its trading stations in the Levant and the Black
Sea, which were exposed to the attacks of the Genoese. The more
powerful of the two fleets which it sent out was despatched into the
eastern Mediterranean under Carlo Zeno, the bailiff and captain of
Negropont. A smaller force was sent to operate against the Genoese in
the western Mediterranean, and was placed under the command of Vettor